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BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence may improve diagnostic yield and accuracy in syncope.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare Generative Pretrained Transformer 4-Omni (GPT-4o) with medical professionals (MPs) in establishing syncope diagnoses and recommending interventions based on general practitioner's referral letters to a syncope-unit.METHODS: This three-phase study evaluated 5

INTRODUCTION: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a complex disorder with challenging diagnosis and management.METHODS: This cross-sectional, multi-national, web-based physician chart audit described clinical features and management of POTS, offering insights into disease burden and outcomes before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.RESULTS: Physicians (n = 153), primarily cardiologis

Smoking is widely regarded as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes because nicotine contributes to insulin resistance by desensitizing the insulin receptors in muscle, liver, or fat. Little is known, however, about the immediate regulation of islet hormonal output by nicotine, an agonist of ionotropic cholinergic receptors. We investigated this by imaging cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics in mouse and human is

This chapter presents the long-term clinical outcomes and prognosis of COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global pandemic infecting over 773 million people and causing over seven million deaths worldwide as of December 2023 (WHO Coronavirus). Despite the United Nations proclaimed the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic officially over on M

Background: The diagnosis of monogenic obesity is burdened by frequent variants of uncertain significance (VUS). We describe our real-life approach of variant reassessment over time and we assess whether inconclusive variants are decreasing in monogenic obesity. Methods: We tested for monogenic obesity (genes: LEPR, POMC, ADCY3, PCSK1, CARTPT, SIM1, MRAP2, LEP, NTRK2, BDNF, KSR2, MAGEL2, SH2B1, MC

Resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, type 2 diabetes is highly heterogeneous in manifestation and disease progression, with the only common feature being chronic hyperglycaemia. In spite of vigorous efforts to elucidate the pathogenetic origins and natural course of the disease, there is still a lack of biomarkers and tools for prevention, disease stratification and t

Aims/hypothesis: Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with younger age, less obesity and more hypertension among people recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk. It is not known whether LBW is associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people with a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Methods: Original mid

Background: Long-term data on safety and efficacy of instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) vs fractional flow reserve (FFR) in guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is lacking. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the 5-year clinical outcomes of IFR- vs FFR-guided PCI in a real-world setting. Methods: We assessed the 5-year outcomes of all patients undergoing IFR or FFR assessment be

The coefficient of variation is a very important process parameter in many processes. A few control charts have been considered so far for monitoring its multivariate counterpart, i.e., the multivariate coefficient of variation (MCV). In addition, autocorrelation is very likely to occur in processes with high sampling frequency. Hence, designing suitable control charts and investigating the effect

PURPOSE: Clinical relapse is the major threat for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Early detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) would enable preemptive treatment and potentially reduced relapse risk.METHODSPatients with MDS planned for HSCT were enrolled in a prospective, observational study evaluating the association b

In this chapter, the authors summarize the current knowledge of possible trigger(s) of p-cell autoimmunity and factors affecting the progression to the clinical onset in individuals who have developed one or more p-cell autoantibodies. Testing islet autoantibodies at random or in select populations such as schoolchildren should inform about the epidemiology of autoimmune islet disease and what to

Aim: While diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2) is known to negatively impact vestibular and auditory function, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully understood. Building on our previous findings, which demonstrated the presence of insulin signaling components within the human saccule and identified the sodium transporter ENaC as a target for insulin signaling in HEI-OC1 auditor

Background Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of rare, autoimmune diseases causing inflammation in the vessel wall. Many organs can be affected, and kidney involvement is a common and serious manifestation. Complement activation is important in disease development and has also been detected in patients in remission. The reason for increased complemen

Background: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, including unhealthy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, and nonadherence to dietary recommendations, are major contributors to non-communicable diseases and mortality. While adopting healthy behaviours can reduce these risks in middle-aged adults, research is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the distribution of unhea

Urine-metanephrines are used in the screening for pheochromocytomas in patients with adrenal incidentalomas, but their potential as markers for mortality in patients with adrenal adenomas has not been studied. A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate if urine-metanephrines were associated with mortality in patients with adrenal adenomas. Participants where consecutively included be

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a rapidly growing neurosurgical condition, driven primarily by an aging population and the increasing use of antithrombotic medications. Approximately 25% of CSDH patients are on anticoagulants due to atrial fibrillation (AF). The postoperative management of these patients presents a significant clinical challenge, as clinicians must balance the risk

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a complex disorder mainly of orthostatic intolerance, often accompanied by a spectrum of symptoms related to autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Although the diagnostic criteria require an orthostatic challenge test, the associated symptom burden can be broad and is often missed by treating healthcare professionals, resulting in significant dia