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Optical properties of human whole blood were investigated in vitro at 633 nm using a double integrating sphere set-up, The blood flow was maintained at a constant rate through a flow cell while continuously heating the blood at 0.2-1.1 degrees C/min from approximately 25 to 55 degrees C in a heat exchanger, A small, but rather abrupt decrease in the scattering asymmetry factor (g-factor) of 1.7 +/
OBJECTIVE: to survey the views of midwives in Estonia about who they considered should have responsibility for carrying out certain aspects of antenatal care (ANC) in Estonia. DESIGN, SETTING AND STUDY POPULATION: in collaboration with key stakeholder organisations, the authors developed eight statements on aspects of ANC and five combinations of possible professionals (including midwives obstetri
During most of an annual cycle, we studied the temporal variation of total mercury (Hg-T) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in unfiltered and filtered (0.45 mu) peat water from a minerotrophic peat bog in southeastern Sweden. MeHg in bulk water ([MeHgT]) and total Hg in filtered water in discharge water from the peat bog ([Hg-D]) were an order of magnitude higher than in upland runoff water entering the p
Objective: To outline the best available method of measurement for detecting progression of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip especially in therapeutic trials. Method A Medline search of articles related to progression of hip CA was performed. A group of experts met over a 1.5-day session to review available literature and new research. Specific questions were addressed in order to reach a consensus
The objective of this study was to analyze the accumulated effects of leaching in two test roads were municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash and aggregate from a railway embankment, respectively, were used as subbase aggregates. Solid samples from the subbase and the subgrade were collected in trenches, which were excavated perpendicular to the road extension. The samples were analyz
Ectomycorrhizae are formed by mutualistic interactions between fungi and the roots of woody plants. During symbiosis the two organisms exchange carbon and nutrients in a specific tissue that is formed at the contact between a compatible fungus and plant. There is considerable variation in the degree of host specificity among species and strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi. In this study, we have for
The mechanisms of regioselective reductive openings of acetals were investigated in several model systems by a combination of Hammett plots, kinetic experiments, density functional calculations, and B-11 NMR. The regioselectivity of borane reductions of cyclic acetals can be controlled by the choice of borane. Lewis acid activation of BH3 center dot NMe3 increases the reaction rate and renders the
The effect of temperature and enzyme concentration on the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated willow was investigated to obtain the optimal hydrolysis conditions. The willow was pretreated at 220°C for 10 min according to the results of earlier optimization studies of the steam-pretreatment conditions for high glucose yields. The concentrations of two commercial enzymes, Celluclast 2L and Nov
Hormonal cancers such as breast and prostate cancer arise from steroid hormone-regulated tissues. In addition to breast and prostate cancer hormonal regulation has also a role in endometrial, ovarian, testis and thyroid carcinomas. The effects of estrogens, androgens and progestagens on tumor growth are largely mediated by paracrine and autocrine target molecules which include growth factors and g
Immunization of mice with type II collagen (CII), a cartilage-restricted protein, leads to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CIA symptoms consist of an erosive joint inflammation caused by an autoimmune attack, mediated by both T and B lymphocytes. CD4+ alphabeta T cells play a central role in CIA, both by helping B cells to produce anti-CII antibodies, and b
Background: Many studies have been conducted on the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of foetal CNS-malformations. These studies were mostly hospital-based or, sometimes, multicentre studies. We present here a population-based study of the prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida in Sweden over a period of 31 years. Methods: We compared the number of newborns with spina bifida and the elective t
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) are two highly allergenic compounds used in the chemical industry. A method was developed for quantification of protein adducts of HHPA and MHHPA in human plasma. The plasma was dialysed and the anhydrides were hydrolysed from the proteins at mild acidic conditions. The released hexahydrophthalic acid (HHP acid) and m
Tendon injuries at the epicondyle can occur in athletes and workers whose job functions involve repetitive, high force hand activities, but the early pathophysiologic changes of tendon are not well known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate early tendon structural changes, specifically the formation of microtears, caused by cyclical loading. The Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) muscle of nin
High-spin terminating bands in heavy nuclei were first identified in nuclei around Er-158(90). While examples of terminating states have been identified in a number of erbium isotopes, almost nothing is known about the states lying beyond band termination. In the present work, the high-spin structure of Er-156,Er-157,Er-158 has been studied using the Gammasphere spectrometer. The subject of triaxi
Salivary gland carcinomas demonstrate a wide diversity of histopathological types and biological behavior. The aim of this study was to analyze relative survival of patients with major salivary gland carcinomas with special reference to histopathology, gender and age. All new carcinomas of the major salivary glands reported to the National Swedish Cancer Registry 1960-1995 were searched for and th
The progeny of spontaneous interspecific hybrid sporophytes of Sphagnum were used to analyse the inheritance of cytoplasmic DNA. The analysis showed that only the female parent donated chloroplasts and mitochondria in Sphagnum hybrids. Thus, this is the first study demonstrating maternal cytoplasmic inheritance in a nonvascular land plant. This finding has important implications for phylogenetic r
