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The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) relies on the bacteriological examination of sputum. However, microscopy of smears made directly from sputum has a low sensitivity and there is an urgent need for improved methods. We have compared microscopy of smears made directly from sputum with microscopy after liquefaction of sputum with household bleach (NaOCl) and concentration of bacteria by ce
Background: An audit of all patients with rectal cancer in Sweden was launched in 1995. This is the first report from the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry (SRCR). Methods: Between 1995 and 2003, 13 434 patients treated for adenocarcinoma of the rectum were registered with the SRCR; there were approximately 1500 new patients annually. Results: Approximately half had an anterior resection, a quarter a
It is important to measure the relative humidity, RH, level in a concrete slab before applying semi permeable flooring to the surface. If the moisture level in the concrete is too high when the flooring is applied the high alkali level in combination with the moisture will degrade the adhesive. This paper describes a new system used to continuously measure and monitor RH in situ during the constru
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vatten- och läskflaskor av polyetylentereftalat, PET, kan både återanvändas (återfyllbara flaskor) och/eller återvinnas. Vid återvinning kan materialet användas för tillverkning av nya flaskor, sk closed-loop recycling. I både återfyllbara flaskor och flaskor som innehåller återvunnet material kan det förekomma ämnen som tidigare trängt in i plasten. Dessa kan antingen The reuse and closed-loop recycling of food packaging was studied in order to assess consumer safety and the sensory quality (e.g. taste and smell) of packaged food. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottles that were refillable or that contained recycled material, either in direct contact or with a functional barrier protecting the food, were investigated with focus on odorous compounds f
The increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the key enzyme in the formation of polyamines, in the sublingual glands of the chloralose-anaesthetized rat in response to stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation was enhanced by employing an intermittent pattern of nerve stimulation. 20 Hz in bursts delivered for 1 second every 10th second over a period of 3 hours increased the activ
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study which aims at assessing the potentially misleading effect of graphic elements on food packaging. The authors call these elements potentially misleading elements (PMEs) as they can give customers false expectations. They are either highlighted numerical information (30 per cent fibre, 8 per cent fat, 100 per cent natural […]) or p
Concerns have been raised about the quality of reporting in nutritional epidemiology. Research reporting guidelines such as the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement can improve quality of reporting in observational studies. Herein, we propose recommendations for reporting nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment research by extending the ST
Boreal/arctic wetlands are dominated by diverse plant species, which vary in their contribution to CH4 production, oxidation and transport processes. Earlier studies have often lumped the processes all together, which may induce large uncertainties into the results. We present a novel model, which includes three vegetation classes and can be used to simulate CH4 emissions from boreal and arctic tr
In a legal system based on democracy and the rule of law, an important fundament for the different branches of law is found in constitutional law. Constitutional rules and principles provide democratic legitimacy of legislation and other forms of exercise of public power. Furthermore, such rules and principles limit the exercise of public power, notably through rules on fundamental rights and on t
Both gender equality and education policy are important priorities on the political agenda in Europe. The Research and Training Network ”Women in European Universities” focuses on higher education and women’s career-perspectives in systems of higher education of seven European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). The main focus of the project is to ex
We propose a method of reducing the switching noise in the substrate of an integrated circuit. The main idea is to design the digital circuits to obtain a periodic supply current with the same period as the clock. This property locates the frequency components of the switching noise above the clock frequency. Differential return-to-zero signaling is used to reduce the data-dependency of the curren
Background and purpose Spasticity and muscle contracture are two common manifestations of cerebral palsy (CP). A spastic muscle may inhibit growth in length of the muscle, but the importance of this relationship is not known. In 1994, a register and a healthcare program for children with CP in southern Sweden were initiated. The child's muscle tone according to the Ashworth scale and the ankle ran
Popular Abstract in Swedish Titelns första del är ett Walter Benjamin-citat som bildar utgångspunkt och förklaras i avhandlingens första kapitel. Tidigare forskning, samlat till fyra tematiska områden, presenteras: drottning Kristina själv och hennes lärdom, bibliotekarierna och de andra lärda, det kungliga biblioteket i Stockholm och samlingen i Rom. Bibliotekets tidiga historia, hur det kommer tThis study examines how the Latin manuscript collection of Queen Christina of Sweden was formed, what function it served for the queen and for others, and how various attempts to impose order on it reflect different epistemological traditions. A recurring theme of the study is the creation of order and the title, The Mild Boredom of Order, a quotation taken from an essay on book collecting by Walt
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a chronic inflammation in conducting airways and the alveolar parenchyma. The inflammation, which is a consequence of inhalation of noxious gases like tobacco smoke, has traditionally been thought to be driven by innate immune responses. However, more recent studies have revealed an increase in lymphocyte-rich lymphoid aggregates (LA
Malignant melanoma of soft parts (MMSP), also called clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses, is cytogenetically characterized by the t(12;22)(q13;q12) resulting in the chimeric EWSR1/ATF1 gene. MMSP shares a number of morphologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features with malignant melanoma of the skin, causing diagnostic difficulties in the distinction between MMSP and metastatic m
