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Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain blood through self-renewal and differentiation. Although HSC transplantation is the only cure for various blood disorders, generating and maintaining HSCs in vitro remains challenging, partly due to a limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying human HSC ontogeny. In embryos, definitive HSCs arise from hemogenic endothelium via
Lymphoid organ hypertrophy is a characteristic feature of acute infection and is considered to enable efficient induction of adaptive immune responses. Accordingly, oral infection with rotavirus induced a robust increase in cellularity in the mesenteric LNs, whose kinetics correlated with viral load and was caused by halted lymphocyte egress and increased recruitment of cells without altered cellu
The objective for this study was to investigate whether the postural control adaptation during galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerve were similar to that found during vibration stimulation to the calf muscles. A method for adaptation analysis was used to analyze the evoked changes of posture, stimulus responses and the motion dynamics. The adaptive adjustments of postural control were simil
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury causes a disruption of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx layer that is associated with an overactivation of the sympathoadrenal system. We hypothesized that early and unselective beta-blockade with propranolol alone or in combination with the alfa2-agonist clonidine would decrease brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, and glycocalyx disruption at 24 hou
Group polarization occurs when an initial attitude or belief of individuals becomes more radical after group discussion. Polarization often leads subgroups towards opposite directions. Since the 1960s this effect has been observed and repeatedly confirmed in lab experiments by social psychologists. Persuasive Arguments Theory (PAT) emerged as the most convincing explanation for this phenomenon. Th
The use of pesticides has increased during the past decades, also increasing the risk of exposure to toxic pesticides that can cause detrimental health effects in the future. This is of special concern among farmers in low-to-middle-income countries that may lack proper training in the safe use of these chemicals. To assess the situation in Bolivia a cross-sectional study in three agricultural com
Syftet med studien är att analysera hur underrättelsepersonal och operativ personal inom de olika gränsmyndigheterna i den baltiska regionen framställer ”kriminella ryssar” och vilka diskursiva mönster som medverkar i konstruktionen av kategorin ”den normupplösande ryssen”. Studiens analytiska upptäckter presenteras under följande teman: (1) Konstruktion av normupplösning och moralisk panik: exempThe aim of the study is to analyze how intelligence and operative personnel in the Baltic Sea area describe the category “Russian criminals” and which discursive patterns cooperate with the construction of the category “norm-resolving Russian.” The analytical findings of a study are presented in the following themes: (1) Construction of norm resolution and moral panics: example criminal, (2) Const
Human brown fat tumors (hibernomas) display concomitant loss of the tumor suppressor genes MEN1 and AIP. In the present study, we hypothesized that the brown fat phenotype is attributed to these mutations. Accordingly, we demonstrate that silencing of AIP in human brown preadipocytic and white fat cell lines results in the induction of the brown fat marker UCP1. In human adipocytic tumors, loss of
The University of Vermont College of Medicine and the Vermont Lung Center, in collaboration with the NHLBI, Alpha-1 Foundation, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, International Society for Cell Therapy, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, convened a workshop, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases, " held July 29 to August 1, 2013 at the Universit
In this work, we use a novel spectral polarimetric optical tomographic imaging goniometer (SPOTIG) to investigate the scattering properties of Anopheles malaria mosquitoes to aid in their detection and identification in entomological lidar applications. Mosquitoes were mounted on a turn table, on which they were illuminated from different angles with linearly polarized near infrared light and rota
To predict ground-borne vibration levels caused by railway traffic, models for estimating the load from the vibration source, as well as the vibration transmission through the ground, are needed. In the present paper, a finite element formulation in a frame of reference following the moving load, is used for modeling a railway slab track. The response of the underlying soil is represented through
As continuous access to energy is necessary for survival, the level of energy stores has a strong effect on fitness and survival. Behaviors by which energy stores are acquired and built up are known as foraging, and this is a very common topic in animal behavior studies. It is especially important for flying organisms to finely tune the level of energy reserves they carry. While most animals will
The β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in all stages of T cell development. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine kinase and a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. NLK can directly phosphorylate histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), as well as T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF), causing subsequent repression of target g
Supplemental Instruction/Peer Assisted Study Sessions (SI-PASS) is a peer learning program used worldwide to improve students’ learning and performance in challenging courses in higher education. A bonus effect of the program is the transferable skills that the student leaders may develop when facilitating the study sessions. These student leaders can potentially gain communication, group manageme
OBJECTIVES: There is a need for updated haematological reference data in infancy. This study aimed to define intervals for haemoglobin and red blood cell biomarkers based on data from a large cohort of longitudinally followed Swedish infants. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Two Swedish study centres. PARTICIPANTS: Three community-based populations including 442 presumably healthy infan
Birth is a dangerous and dynamic event resulting in new life, as well as in death and loss. As distinct as the birth transition may seem, it remains essentially a process. The term ‘perinatal’ defines the phase beginning in late pregnancy when the fetus has potential to survive the delivery, and ending, roughly, seven days after birth, demarcating the period when the child gradually emerges and st
This article describes an innovative transnational education project involving three European universities, funded through ERASMUS+. One of its aims was to develop and provide a curriculum to facilitate students’ understanding and identification of occupational (in)justice by exposing them to marginalised people living in three European communities with differing cultural, social, and political sy
The harm that pathogens cause to hosts during infection, termed virulence, varies across species from negligible to a high likelihood of rapid death. Classic theory for the evolution of virulence is based on a trade-off between pathogen growth, transmission and host survival, which predicts that higher within-host growth causes increased transmission and higher virulence. However, using data from
