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BACKGROUND: Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion MRI (dMRI) have been associated with cell density and tissue anisotropy across tumors, but it is unknown whether these associations persist at the microscopic level.PURPOSE: To quantify the degree to which cell density and anisotropy, as determined from histology, account for the intra-tumor variability of MD and FA in
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in people with diabetes mellitus, and a key risk factor for further life-threatening conditions such as cardiovascular disease. The early prediction of progression of CKD therefore is an important clinical goal, but remains difficult due to the multifaceted nature of the condition. We validated a set of established protein biomarkers
CONTEXT: Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) is associated with increased mortality in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI), but little is known regarding the potential risk associated with non-functional adrenal adenomas (NFAA), which constitute the majority of AI.OBJECTIVE: Compare mortality risk in patients with NFAA, and different levels of MACS, to matched controls.METHOD: This was
Glucocorticoid use is associated with steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. Here, the glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptomic changes in human pancreatic islets and the human insulin-secreting EndoC-βH1 cells were investigated to uncover genes involved in β-cell steroid stress-response processes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed glucocorticoids to exert
Increased age, BMI and HbA1c levels are risk factors for several non-communicable diseases. However, the impact of these factors on the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in human adipose tissue remains unknown. We analyzed DNA methylation of ∼480,000 sites in human adipose tissue from 96 males and 94 females, and related methylation to age, BMI and HbA1c. We also compared epigenetic signatures i
Summary Plant communities and their ecosystem functions are expected to be more resilient to future habitat fragmentation and deterioration if the species comprising the communities have a wide range of dispersal and persistence strategies. However, the extent to which the diversity of dispersal and persistence traits in plant communities is determined by the current and historical characteristi
Limited epidemiological evidence suggests a protective role for plant foods rich in flavonoids and antioxidants in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) etiology. Our aim was to prospectively investigate the association between dietary intake of flavonoids, lignans and nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and HCC risk. Data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) coh
Anxiety is an emotion, which stimulates sympathetic nervous outflow potentially facilitating vasovagal reflex syncope (VVS) but reports on anxiety levels in patients with VVS are sparse.
We quantify the impact of land-use change, determined by our growing demand for food and biofuel production, on isoprene emissions and subsequent atmospheric oxidant chemistry in 2015 and 2030, relative to 1990, ignoring compound climate change effects over that period. We estimate isoprene emissions from an ensemble (n = 1000) of land-use change realizations from 1990-2050, broadly guided by the
BACKGROUND: – The clinical use of risk scores to guide treatment decisions and improve clinical outcomes has rarely been prospectively evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate whether a biomarker-based ABC-AF risk score–guided multidimensional treatment strategy improves long-term outcomes in patients with AF. METHODS: – The multicenter, registry-based, randomized, controlled, open-label study enro
Context Substantial diagnostic delay in acromegaly contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Screening attempts in high-risk groups have yielded few positive cases, underscoring the need for simple and precise prescreening methods. Objective Machine-learning analysis of facial images shows promise for acromegaly detection but requires validation in larger, well-characterized cohorts using
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as nitration of Tyr (Y) residues and di-tyrosine (DT) formation are known to impact the aggregation behavior of α-synuclein (α-syn), a protein closely linked to Parkinson's disease. Using tetranitromethane (TNM) as a model nitrating agent, we systematically investigated the chemical modifications of α-syn and their consequences for aggregation. Mass spe
This narrative Review explores the role of hyperinsulinaemia as a potential independent contributor to obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. We argue that scientific discussions about the role of hyperinsulinaemia as a causal factor in these conditions have not sufficiently distinguished between postprandial insulin excursions and chronically elevated basal levels of insulin. We summarize findings
This study investigated if copeptin is affected by high salt intake and whether any salt-induced changes in copeptin are related to the degree of salt sensitivity. The study was performed on 20 men and 19 women. In addition to meals containing 50 mmol NaCl daily, capsules containing 100 mmol NaCl and corresponding placebo capsules were administered during 4 weeks each, in random order. Measurement
Integrated cross-sectoral impact assessments facilitate a comprehensive understanding of interdependencies and potential synergies, conflicts, and trade-offs between sectors under changing conditions. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of a European integrated assessment model, the CLIMSAVE integrated assessment platform (IAP). The IAP incorporates important cross-sectoral linkages between
Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may interact and together affect biological processes and disease development. However, most previous studies have investigated genetic and epigenetic mechanisms independently, and studies examining their interactions throughout the human genome are lacking. To identify genetic loci that interact with the epigenome, we performed the first genome-wide DNA methylati
Impact of SBP vs. DBP decrement during orthostasis on cardiovascular events in hypertension is not clear.
