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The causes of death of transplanted neurons are not known in detail, but apoptotic mechanisms involving caspase activation are likely to play a role. We examined whether overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 may enhance the survival of dopaminergic [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive] grafted neurons. For this purpose, we prepared cells from embryonic day 13 ventral mesencephalo
Current knowledge of the molecular changes induced by dopamine denervation and subsequent treatment with L-DOPA is based on studies performed on relatively acute and young animal models of parkinsonism. It is highly warranted to ask how well these models simulate the state of chronic denervation and sustained L-DOPA pharmacotherapy which are typical of advanced Parkinson's disease. This study inve
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential for islet function, but most studies use rodent islets due to limited human islet availability. We have systematically compared the GPCR mRNA expression in human and mouse islets to determine to what extent mouse islets can be used as surrogates for human islets to study islet GPCR function, and we have identified species-specific expression of sev
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was employed to investigate the flow field characteristics in an ethylene fueled scramjet combustor with a rearwall-expansion cavity in both non-reaction and reacting flows. The numerical solver was first validated against experiments and the numerical results were shown in reasonably good agreement with the available experimental data. Characteristics of the flow field
Upon disturbance of their function by stress, mitochondria can signal to the nucleus to steer the expression of responsive genes. This mitochondria-to-nucleus communication is often referred to as mitochondrial retrograde regulation (MRR). Although reactive oxygen species and calcium are likely candidate signaling molecules for MRR, the protein signaling components in plants remain largely unknown
High tibial osteotomy was performed for medial gonarthrosis in 28 patients. Preoperatively, and at 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery, clinical and radiographic examinations were made, and joint-fluid samples were aspirated. Arthroscopy was performed preoperatively and at 24 months. Immunoassay of proteoglycan epitope in joint fluid showed an increase in concentration at all times as compared with
Practitioners and transport planners should be aware of the different policies in transport planning and laws and regulations in relation to them. Nevertheless, research has shown that implementation of transport policies, whatever their focus may be, does not always result in them being employed in the daily transport planning. In Sweden, accessibility policy has a long tradition but gained incre
Angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) is a subset of glaucoma affecting 16 million people. Although 4 million people are bilaterally blind from ACG, the causative molecular mechanisms of ACG remain to be defined. High intraocular pressure induces glaucoma in ACG. High intraocular pressure traditionally was suggested to result from the iris blocking or closing the angle of the eye, thereby limiting aqueous
ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the current factors affecting fertility preference and fertility behaviour in Shanghai among the first single-child generation who are now entering into their childbearing years. In order to gain a more clear understanding of fertility preference and fertility behaviour in Shanghai the following areas were explored in an attempt to discov
The EU has a legacy of being a normative power. They also have a history of cooperating with developing countries trying to promote these normative ideals. This cooperation is for example guided by the promotion of human rights, democracy and the rule of law to mention a few. The study aims to investigate this characteristica concerning the EU’s relations with South Africa. South Africa is a quite
This paper represents an endeavor to describe the ways in which the United States Government currently is responding to growing changes in public opinion – running counter to existing policies – with regards to drugs, most specifically to marijuana, and to therein establish the context of the debate over drug policy. The paper is not, however, a critique of any particular policy, or an attempt to
Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ, värderande fallstudie som syftar till att utvärdera International Criminal Tribunal of the former Yugoslavias arbete och försoningsprocessen i Bosnien-Hercegovina. Efter ett krig fyllt av illdåd och folkmord blev det upp till tribunalen ICTY att försöka få de tre etniska parterna att nå försoning genom legal rättvisa. Men vägen till försoning i Bosnien-Hercegovina är sv
Gender mainstreaming is currently the main gender equality approach of the EU. This concept differs from former gender approaches since it is cross-sectional and applicable to every governmental level and all kinds of organisations. Considering gender mainstreaming as a norm, the aim of this study is to trace the process of the norm development from the EU to the local level in order to suggest ho
This thesis is the result of a minor field work in a coastal Bangladesh village where peoples are struggling to adapt with salt water intrusion. It describes how people in one community under climatic change or variability adapt to an acute problem, and how their perceptions of that environment, their Ethnoecology influence this response. To make sense my primary and secondary data I have used ada
The aim of this paper was to understand the central place aspects of Mahasthangarh and Uppåkra according to analyze the definition of central place theory based on political, economical and religious aspects in archaeological perspective. Mahasthangarh is located in the Northern part of Bangladesh identified as Early Historic (c. 500 BC to 550 AD) to Medieval Period (c. 550 AD to 1200 AD) site in
Repatriation has been proclaimed as the important right of an individual to go back home and returnees are often seen as substantial force for development and reconstruction of their home countries. It is assumed that once the reasons that force people to flee are eliminated, people will want to return back. There is a separate repatriation program in Sweden that aims to support those who decide t
This master's thesis includes a qualitative case study which uses John Kingdon's Multiple-Streams framework. It focuses on the Swedish development policy process that deals with the developmental aspects of illicit capital flows. The empirical findings have been extracted from six key-stakeholders from the Swedish Governmental Offices, and from specialists working in Non-Governmental Organ
