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Aims/hypothesis: Observational studies have found an increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) associated with low birthweight and adult overweight/obese status. We aimed to investigate whether these associations are causal, using a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) design. In addition, we compared results for LADA and type 2 diabetes. Methods: We identified 43 SNPs actin
Ozonation of wastewater can reduce the release of organic micropollutants, but may result in the formation of undesirable by-products, such as bromate from bromide. Bromide is one of the most abundant ions in seawater, the primary precursor of bromate during ozonation, and the end product in microbial bromate reduction. Investigations were carried out to compare the concentration of bromide in was
Dominant mutations in the MORC2 gene have recently been shown to cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, but the cellular function of MORC2 is poorly understood. Here, through a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9-mediated forward genetic screen, we identified MORC2 as an essential gene required for epigenetic silencing by the HUSH complex. HUSH recruits MORC2 to target sites in heterochromatin. We ex
Background: Around 70% of all ICU patients are treated with antibiotics whereas up to 30% are suggested as unnecessary. Measuring antibiotic consumption is a prerequisite to improving its use and the purpose of the present investigation was to explore the use of antibiotics in Swedish ICUs. Material and methods: Daily Defined Doses (DDDs) of antimicrobials delivered to Swedish ICUs, 2016–2018, wer
This study focuses on the severity gradation of non-collision events. Earlier theoretical work has suggested that a proper severity measure for an event should reflect the risk of personal injury, which is often split into two components, including the risk of a collision and the potential consequences had the collision taken place. While a great number of severity measures have been suggested, mo
Emissions from biomass burning are highly variable and depend on combustion conditions as well as fuel properties. Simultaneous emissions from pyrolysis, smouldering, and combustion of the biomass material(s) burning leads to uncertainties in how these processes contribute to emissions of individual or groups of compounds as well as to total particle emissions. These uncertainties are difficult to
Our previous data-driven analysis of evolving patterns of islet autoantibodies (IAbs) against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and islet antigen 2 (IA-2A) discovered three trajectories characterized by either multiple IAbs (TR1), IAA (TR2), or GADA (TR3) as the first appearing autoantibodies. Here we examined the evolution of IAb levels within these trajectories in 2,145 IAb-posit
The lifetimes of the terms 3p2P, 3d2D, 4s2S, 4p2P, 4d2D, 4f2F, 5g2G, 6g2G, 6h2H, 7h2H, 7i2I and 8k2K in sodiumlike sulfur, S VI, have been determined using the beam-foil excitation technique. Most of the decay curves were analyzed by means of the ANDC method which corrects for cascading in a very detailed way. Accurate results were thereby obtained which show that an excellent agreement exists bet
BackgroundThe Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) is a three-item screening instrument that has been found to be psychometrically sound and capable of screening for insomnia among adults and older people. This study aimed to test the measurement properties of the MISS together with an additional item focusing on daytime functioning among adolescents using the Rasch measurement model.MethodsA cro
Background: Early prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes reduces ketoacidosis at diagnosis and provides opportunities for disease prevention. However, only highly efficient approaches are likely to succeed in public health settings. We sought to identify efficient strategies for initial islet autoantibody screening in children younger than 15 years. Methods: We harmonised data from five prospecti
OBJECTIVE: To distinguish among predictors of seroconversion, progression to multiple autoantibodies and from multiple autoantibodies to type 1 diabetes in young children.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Genetically high-risk newborns (n = 8,502) were followed for a median of 11.2 years (interquartile range 9.3-12.6); 835 (9.8%) developed islet autoantibodies and 283 (3.3%) were diagnosed with type 1
Earth's forests harbor extensive biodiversity and are currently a major carbon sink. Forest conservation and restoration can help mitigate climate change; however, climate change could fundamentally imperil forests in many regions and undermine their ability to provide such mitigation. The extent of climate risks facing forests has not been synthesized globally nor have different approaches to qua
The preferred treatment of choice in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is usually transurethral resection followed by cystectomy, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy being a second option. As the treatment is associated with relevant side effects, a great effort is being made to improve the selection of patients, with molecular subtyping being one of the main strategies. Our aim was to develop an im
The chemical composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) was characterized at the Villum Research Station (Villum) at Station Nord in North Greenland during spring-summer 2016 using a Time of Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ToF-ACSM). The composition is dominated by sulfate (48%) and organic species (40%). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified three key factors co
Coal is used to generate electricity and produce high-value chemicals through coal gasification, liquefaction, and coke. During combustion sulfur is released, which leads to acid rain formation. Mineral matter present in coal is undesirable because it causes technological problems such as corrosion of equipment and reduction of overall rate of combustion of coal. Also, after combustion, the minera
OBJECTIVE To determine gestational weekly changes in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and 24-h glucose profiles and their relationship to infant birth weight in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An analysis of >10.5 million CGM glucose measures from 386 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes from two international multicenter studies was performed. CGM glucos
Despite their simplicity, networks of coupled phase oscillators can give rise to intriguing collective dynamical phenomena. However, the symmetries of globally and identically coupled identical units do not allow solutions where distinct oscillators are frequency-unlocked - a necessary condition for the emergence of chimeras. Thus, forced symmetry breaking is necessary to observe chimera-type solu
Over the past three decades, the development of 3D printing has accelerated rapidly. In considering theories about the economic impact of disruptive technologies, this paper addresses how 3D printing has attracted unprecedented attention from various public and private stakeholders with signs that it will be a major driver of the next economic wave. Outlining the major changes that 3D printing has
OBJECTIVE: To assess the progression of type 1 diabetes using time to peak glucose or C-peptide during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in autoantibody-positive relatives of people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined 2-h OGTTs of participants in the Diabetes Prevention Trial Type 1 (DPT-1) and TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (PTP) studies. We included 706 DPT-1 partic
