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The purpose of this thesis is to study the practical application of the Basel II Framework in two Swedish banks of different organisational structure and briefly look at the opinions of the framework now that it has been in use for some time. The theoretical perspectives begin with the concept of risk metaphors. Thereafter criticism towards a number of earlier risk measures is presented. This lead
Åberopandet av bevis i de svenska domstolarna styrs av principen om fri bevisföring, som ger parterna rätt att presentera de bevis de önskar, utan krav om att beviset ska ha tillkommit i enlighet med viss reglering. Från denna princip finns dock vissa undantag. Bevis som härstammar från en anonym källa har ansetts utgöra ett sådant undantag, på grund av oförenligheten med processrättens krav och pThe presenting of evidence within Swedish courts is controlled by the principle of free production of evidence, which gives the parties a right to refer to any evidence, without any requirements regarding its conception. There are however a few exceptions. Evidence originating from anonymous sources has been considered an exception, due to the discrepancy between such evidence and the principles o
Fossil fuel subsides are estimated to between 523‐1900 billion USD per year, depending on how subsidies are defined. Phasing out fossil fuel subsides is therefore considered a first best solution towards more sustainable energy systems and making progress on fossil fuel subsidy reform has a big potential for climate change mitigation. Also in Sweden that has among the highest environmental taxes i
I denna uppsats behandlas rätten till att bruka vapen vid nödvärn och nödvärnsexcess ur ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv. Rätten till nödvärn och nödvärnsexcess stadgas i 24 kap 1 § respektive 24 kap 6 § brottsbalken. Rätt till nödvärn föreligger bl.a. när någon blir utsatt för ett angrepp på person, såvida den angripne inte går utöver vad som får anses vara uppenbart oförsvarligt. Bedömningen görsThis paper analyses the right to use weapons in self-defence and excessive self-defence from a legal perspective. The right of self-defence and excessive self-defence is stated in Chapter 24 section 1 and Chapter 24 section 6 in Brottsbalken (the Swedish penal code). The right of self-defence is inter alia granted people who are subject to an attack unless the self-defence is unreasonably. The ju
There are a number of existing and new biofuels on the Swedish market. These operate differently and need to be managed in different ways. In order to solve problems associated with the transport sector's large and unsustainable energy consumption and emissions of CO2, it is important to study how biofuels can work in practice and gain a broad knowledge of prerequisites for their mainstream ma
De flesta av anmälningarna till diskrimineringsombudsmannen rör etnisk diskriminering i arbetslivet. Trots detta har enbart ett fall av indirekt etnisk diskriminering och ett fall av etniska trakasserier konstaterats av de trettiotal mål rörande etnisk diskriminering som Arbetsdomstolen prövat sedan 1994. Allvarlig kritik har riktats till Sverige från Europarådets kommission mot rasism och intolerIn recent years, most reports regarding discrimination received by the Equality Ombudsman concern ethnic discrimination at work. Nevertheless, there are only two cases in which discrimination have been established by the Labour Court since 1994; one case regarding indirect ethnic discrimination and the other concerning ethnic harassment. A significant amount of criticism has been directed towards
Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate associations of screen-time and physical activity (PA) with self-efficacy for PA, intrinsic motivation to PA and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Colombian schoolchildren from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, and to compare these variables among children with normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW) and obesity (OB). Methods: In 678 s
Laser cladding (LC) is a promising technique to overlay a protective coating on grey cast iron (GCI) brake discs to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance. This study utilized a pin-on-disc tribometer in an aerosol chamber to investigate the tribology and airborne particle emissions from tungsten carbides (WC) reinforced coating overlayed onto GCI substrate through laser cladding. Uncoated GCI
Popular Abstract in Swedish Neuroblastom är den vanligaste solida tumören, utanför hjärnan, hos små barn och finns nästan inte alls hos vuxna. Varje år insjuknar mellan femton och tjugo barn i Sverige, de flesta före två års ålder. Överlevnaden har ökat de senaste tjugo åren men är fortfarande på låga nivåer för de mer aggressiva formerna. Neuroblastom uppstår i det sympatiska nervsystemet. DärförIn this thesis, the main focus has been on the childhood cancer neuroblastoma, one of the most common and lethal childhood tumours. Neuroblastoma has througout the years continued to be a clinical and biological enigma. Our first focus was on one of the most important biological risk factors in neuroblastoma -- amplification of the oncogene MYCN in the tumour cells. Because amplified MYCN typical
In recent years, nanostructure technology involving Ill-V semiconductors have made significant progress in areas such as optoelectronics and spintronics. A number of new materials and nanostructures have been invented, most of them being of a very dilute character or extremely small. Because of these properties, their structural characterization on an atomic scale is of profound importance. One im
Slipped-strand mispairing at sites containing so-called coding repeats (CRs) can lead to phase variation of surface proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. This mechanism, believed to contribute to virulence, has so far not been identified in a Gram-positive bacterium. In the genome of the Gram-positive human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, we identified pentanucleotide CRs within a putative signal s
Two species of the genus Choricystis (Choricystis minor and Choricystis chodatii) have been chromosomally surveyed. In addition, their ability to form symbiotic associations with the ciliate Paramecium bursaria was also investigated. Choricystis minor (clone #8931/1 from strain #8931) was isolated from a moss sample collected on Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica. Choricystis chodatii (clone #
Within process industry, and in many other areas, the PID controller is responsible for handling regulatory control. An educated guess is that the number of executing PID control loops lies in the billions (2011) and there are no signs indicating a decrease of this number. Properly tuning the PID controller, i.e., setting its parameter values based on characteristics of the process it controls t
Large plants are often more conspicuous and more attractive for associated animals than small plants, e.g. due to their wider range of resources. Therefore, plant size can positively affect species richness of associated animals, as shown for single groups of herbivores, but studies usually consider intraspecific size differences of plants in unstandardised environments. As comprehensive tests of
This paper aims to provide a critical and systematic review of the societal costs of air pollutionrelated ill health (CAP), to explore methodological issues that may be important when assessing or comparing CAP across countries and to suggest ways in which future CAP studies can be made more useful for policy analysis. The methodology includes a systematic search based on the major electronic data
Human communication is both polysemiotic and multimodal; it is comprised of ensembles of representations from different semiotic systems in different sensory modalities. These semiotic systems, such as language, gestures, and pictures consist of signs and relations between signs, with system-specific affordances (Kendon, 2004; Zlatev, 2009; Sonesson, 2014). These systems all have their unique stor
The amount of wind turbines in Sweden has more than doubled in the last five years. Wind turbines can affect birds directly, by causing fatalities and indirectly, through habitat destruction, disturbance and barrier effects resulting from turbine construction and operation. To increase understanding of how this rapidly expanding form of energy harvesting affects avian communities in Sweden large,
The purpose of this research was to examine how non-mandatory municipal environmental work is carried out. What drives certain municipalities to be more active than others, and what works as barriers? It was also of interest to understand if the mandatory work could influence, trigger or hinder other environmental goals and ideas. Further, the research looked to identify some characteristics that
