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In Part I of this study [1], good agreement between experimental measurements and results from Monte Carlo simulations were obtained for the spatial intensity distribution of a laser beam propagating within a turbid environment. In this second part, the validated Monte Carlo model is used to investigate spatial and temporal effects from distinct scattering orders on image formation. The contributi
The present thesis is devoted to two different matters: One part is the development of a novel optical technique for characterisation of solid pharmaceutical materials. The other part being the continued development of photon time-of-flight spectroscopy, as well as exploration of new application areas of this method. These two optical techniques are conceptually and technically very different, but
The mass of the top quark is measured in a data set corresponding to 4.6 [Formula: see text] of proton-proton collisions with centre-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events consistent with hadronic decays of top-antitop quark pairs with at least six jets in the final state are selected. The substantial background from multijet production is modelle
Over the past few decades, significant social and economic transformations had a relevant correspondence in processes of territorial complexification, urban fragmentation and spatial injustice. Literature and research shows that these processes have also a very important temporal dimension, associated to a transition from an industrial society of synchronized rhythms to more heterogeneous everyday
Different factors influencing recycling and burial rates of organic carbon (OC) were investigated in the continental margin sediments of the Skagerrak (NE North Sea). Two different areas, one in the southern and one in the northeastern part of the Skagerrak were visited shortly after a spring bloom (March 1999) and in late summer (August 2000). Results suggested that: (1) Organic carbon oxidation
Adam Smith’s economic theory is often subject to criticism, in which it is claimed to be inherently inconsistent. Recently, criticism from well-known scholars has arisen claiming Smith should be characterized a labor value theorist anticipating Karl Marx. This study seeks to analyze whether such criticism is legitimate. Firstly, the economic theory of Smith is discussed in terms of consistency, an
Sustainable utilization of scarce water resources requires a conceptualization and understanding of both local and regional climate variability. This work deals with an analysis of climate variability and human impacts on the water balance of the Lake Chad drainage basin of northern Africa. Mean annual precipitation and discharge time series from 112 rain gauges and monthly mean SST anomalies were
Urban land-use planning, which is a useful tool for the sustainable development of a city, is a complex decision making process. However, the modern GIS technologies facilitate such complex jobs in two ways – (i) GIS allows to work with large numbr of datasets, (ii) a number of methods, techniques or models could be embeded in GIS for land-use suitability analysis. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AH
The growing energy prices and energy consumption caused the interest about buildings with low energy consumption such as Passive house. Energy demand in households accounts for around one forth of the final energy needs in the EU (Intelligent Energy Europe 2006), and it is a potential for energy demand reduction. At the same time, environment protection with a reduction of CO2 emissions nowadays i
This thesis aims to analyze the exports from the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to the European Union (EU) during the period 1972-2006. During this period several agreements were signed with the ambition to make it easier for LDCs to export to the EU market. The gravity model is used to examine the consequences of the agreements. The LDCs are categorized into three geographical categories: Afric
Under de senaste åren har Sverige ställts inför trygghetsproblem och brotts-lighet kopplad till de kriminella nätverken. Vid regeringsskiftet 2022 pre-senterades en serie kriminalpolitiska reformer avsedda att bekämpa gäng-kriminaliteten och skapa ökad trygghet. En av dessa åtgärder är införandet av ett vistelseförbud, som skulle förbjuda vissa personer att vistas på en viss plats under en specifi
Popular science summary: Untangling the mystery of Ogfod2 protein Human body consists of tens of thousands of proteins. Some of them have been studied in depth and their functions are well known. Others, however, have not been studied at all and nobody can tell if the protein has some very important function or not. One of these unstudied proteins is the human Ogfod2 protein. Human Ogfod2 prote
Background: Maternal mortality is still a key issue in public health. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the main direct causes of maternal mortality in many countries around the world, including Kyrgyzstan where approximately half of all maternal deaths are due to this complication. Maternal mortality caused by PPH can be prevented through cost-effective interventions including active managem
