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In jawed vertebrates, the initiation of an adaptive immune response against a novel pathogen relies on antigen presentation, the process whereby the organism’s cells present pathogen-derived peptides to T cells, which recognise the foreign material and elicit subsequent action. The cell surface proteins responsible for antigen presentation are encoded within a region of the genome known as the maj
The study examines how non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Khartoum, Sudan work to address gender-based violence (GBV) and how they relate to international human rights law (IHRL) in the process. Emphasis is placed on how the over-politicization of GBV is hindering NGOs from effectively using IHRL as a tool. The results are based on qualitative field research, with in-depth interviews conduct
The distribution of 47 species in the south Swedish provinces of Skane (Scania), Halland, Blekinge, Oland and Smaland has been mapped. Most of these species are endemic to central Fennoscandia and many reach their southern distribution limits in the investigated area. However, there are also some local endemics as well as some species with a wider north European distribution. Within the area, the
We test whether mortality is related to individual income, mean community income, and community income inequality, controlling for initial health status and personal characteristics. The analysis is based on a random sample from the adult Swedish population of more than 40, 000 individuals who were followed up for 10-17 years. We find that mortality decreases significantly as individual income inc
Objective. To validate self-reported smoking habits in smoking pregnant women and estimate the prevalence of substantial exposure to passive smoking in non-smoking pregnant women. Design. Retrospective, quantitative study, consecutively collected samples. Setting. One antenatal clinic in Blekinge County, Sweden. Subjects. 509 pregnant women. Method. Information about smoking habits were taken from
We report complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes for a penguin (little blue, Eudyptula minor) and a goose (greater white-fronted, Anser albifrons). A revised annotation of avian and reptile mt genomes has been carried out, which improves consistency of labeling gene start and stop positions. In conjunction with this, a summary of mt gene features is presented and a number of conserved pattems and int
We present a detailed analysis of time-resolved optical spectra of the ZZ Ceti white dwarf, HS 0507+0434B. Using the wavelength dependence of observed mode amplitudes, we deduce the spherical degree, , of the modes, most of which have . The presence of a large number of combination frequencies (linear sums or differences of the real modes) enabled us not only to test theoretical predictions but al
Tack vare solen och geotermisk värme har marken två naturliga källor till värmeenergi, och p.g.a. trögheten att ändra temperatur har marken en jämnare temperaturvariation än luften. Detta är gynnsamt för den som vill utnyttja geoenergi. Detta är en förnyelsebar energikälla som fått allt mer uppmärksamhet på marknaden de senaste åren. Under begreppet förnyelsebar geoenergi ligger två olika metoder;Because of the sun and geothermal heat the ground has two natural recourses for heat energy, and since the ground changes temperature slower than the air it has a more even temperature fluctuation. This is positive for the use of geothermal energy which is a renewable method that has been given more attention lately due to it positive environmental effects. The term renewable geothermal energy in
Corporate Social Responsibility is today a recognised concept companies have to act on in order to meet the stakeholders’ increased demands. An increased environmental debate in the society as well as increased regulations requires companies to focus on environmental questions to a greater extent than before. Companies need to control their environmental performance and focus on their significant
Background: Somali piracy and armed robbery against ships remain to be one of the major global concerns today. Since 2007, over 1,500 piracy and piratical attacks were reported to the IMB Piracy Reporting Centre. These figures were gradually increased over the years, along with the degree of maritime violence. Somali pirates, with the urge of ransom payments, have consequently become more threate
Uppsatsen fokuserar på privat skadeståndstalan vid konkurrensrättsliga överträdelser och på det nya direktivet 2014/104/EU, om vissa regler som styr skadeståndstalan enligt nationell rätt avseende överträdelser av medlemsstaternas och Europeiska unionens konkurrensrättsliga bestämmelser. Enligt unionsrätten har alla enskilda aktörer rätt till ersättning för skada som uppkommit till följd av en öveThe main focus of this thesis are private actions for damages due to infringements of the antitrust rules and the new directive 2014/104/EU, on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union. According to European union law, all private actors are entitled to compensation for damages
There are currently numerous web services that provide the user with the opportunity to download geodata. These services are often different regarding what type of data they provide and the way they distribute the data. Another aspect that differs between these services is if the download of geodata is free of charge (open) or subject to a fee. There is currently a trend in the society striving to
De utanförstående arbetstagarna är en grupp som växer på arbetsmarknaden, men som under en lång tid har varit i en väldigt liten minoritet. En stor del av arbetsrätten kan därför verka vara avsedd för de andra aktörerna på arbetsmarknaden, då behovet av att tillgodose en så liten grupps intressen förmodligen inte har haft lika hög prioritet som andra företeelser på arbetsmarknaden och arbetsrättenEmployees who are not members of a trade union is a group that is growing on the labor market, but for a long time they have been in a very small minority. A substantial part of the labor law would therefore appear to be intended for the other actors on the labor market, since the need to cater to a small group's interests probably have not had as high a priority as other aspects of the labor
Data extracted from Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV measured with the ALICE detector is used for analyzing the azimuthal anisotropic expansion in momentum space at different collision centralities for identified particles. The results are obtained with the event-plane method and an invariant mass analysis. The elliptic flow parameter, v2, is presented as a function of transverse momentum pT for
We have implemented and evaluated a secondary organic aerosol scheme within the chemistry transport model TM5-MP in this work. In earlier versions of TM5-MP the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was emitted as Aitken-sized particle mass emulating the condensation. In the current scheme we simulate the formation of secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of isoprene and monoterpenes by ozone and hyd
A conventional claim within tourism research, practice and policy is that tourism is a powerful engine for economic growth across all spatial scales, accounting for slightly more than 10 percent of the global number of jobs and gross domestic product (GDP). What does this tell us? First, that the tourism economy is heavily dependent on mobilising spatial, intangible, material and human resources.
