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Popular Abstract in Swedish Under det senaste decenniet har föräldrars intresse att välja fristående skolor för sina barn ökat markant. Läsåret 1998-99 gick, enligt Skolverket (1999), drygt 30 000 eller 3 % av grundskolans elever i fristående skolor. Det är emellertid en stor variation mellan landets kommuner. Trots den ringa andel som eleverna i fristående skolor utgör, har diskussionen om skolor
Twenty-eight children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined with SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Seven of the children had abnormal distribution of the regional cerebral blood-flow (rCBF) on visual evaluation and 10 had abnormal EEG findings. The only clinical finding that differentiated the group with normal from abnormal rCBF was behaviour symptom
Background: Reduced quadriceps strength is an early finding in subjects with knee osteoarthritis, but it is not clear whether it is a cause or a consequence of knee osteoarthritis. Objective: To determine whether reduced functional performance in the lower extremity predicts the incidence or progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Design: Prospective, epidemiological, population based c
High-spin states of T-z = 1 nuclei were studied with the reactions Ni-58(Si-28,3 alpha)Kr-74,Ni-58(Si-28,2 alpha)Sr-78, and Ni-58(Si-28,2p2n)Zr-82 at 130 MeV beam energy. The Gammasphere array in conjunction with the 4 pi charged-particle detector array Microball was used to detect gamma rays in coincidence with evaporated light charged particles. The known pi = +, alpha = 0 yrast bands were exten
The first aim of this doctoral work has been to develop a new generation of computer programs for transient and steady-state heat conduction in two and three dimensions. A large range of heat transfer problems within the field of buildings physics can be analyzed using these tools. There are, however, many things to keep in mind when modelling a problem, such as how to choose the numerical mesh,
OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of cluster analysis in defining complex dietary exposures, separately with two types of variables. DESIGN:: A modified diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book and a 168-item questionnaire, assessed dietary habits. A standardized questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health history. Anthropometric information was obtained
The function of a paper machine is to form the paper sheet and remove the water from the sheet. A modern paper machine is divided into three main parts, the wire section, the press section, and the dryer section. Although the dryer section is only responsible for removing less than 1% of the water volume in the original stock to the head box, this is the part of the paper machine that, by far, con
BACKGROUND: Intestinal inactivity leads to atrophic changes and concomitant alterations in the expression of neurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system. In atrophic rat ileum neurones expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) decrease in number while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expressing neurones increase. Since little is known
Objective: The aims were to evaluate the frequency and nature of errors in medication when patients are transferred between primary and secondary care. Method: Elderly primary health care patients (> 65 years) living in nursing homes or in their own homes with care provided by the community nursing system, had been admitted to one of two hospitals in southern Sweden, one university hospital and on
We have used local vibrational mode (LVM) spectroscopy to monitor the formation of oxygen-related thermal double donors (TDDs) at 45 0 degrees C and their annihilation at 650 degrees C in carbon-lean Czochralski-grown (Cz-) Si crystals. A few samples were treated at 650 degrees C under high hydrostatic pressure. It is found that the annihilation of TDDs at 650 degrees C results not only in a parti
Background. This case-control study was performed to evaluate whether adding first-trimester maternal serum testing to nuchal translucency measurement would improve the antenatal detection of Down's syndrome and decrease the number of women offered fetal karyotyping. Methods. In the Swedish Nuchal Translucency Trial 39,572 pregnant women were randomized to a routine scan at 12-14 gestational weeks
A Task Group within the ICRP Committees 2 and 3 is continuously working to improve absorbed dose estimates to patients investigated with radiopharmaceuticals. The work deals with reviews of the literature, initiation of new or complementary studies of the biokinetics of a compound and dose estimates. Absorbed dose calculations for organs and tissues have up to now been carried out using the MIRD f
Lennartsson J, Ronnstrand L. Stem Cell Factor Receptor/c-Kit: From Basic Science to Clinical Implications. Physiol Rev 92: 1619-1649, 2012; doi: 10.1152/physrev.00046.2011.-Stem cell factor (SCF) is a dimeric molecule that exerts its biological functions by binding to and activating the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit. Activation of c-Kit leads to its autophosphorylation and initiation of signal tr
The structure of bulk liquid water was recently probed by x-ray scattering below the temperature limit of homogeneous nucleation (TH) of ∼232 K [J. A. Sellberg et al., Nature 510, 381-384 (2014)]. Here, we utilize a similar approach to study the structure of bulk liquid water below TH using oxygen K-edge x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). Based on previous XES experiments [T. Tokushima et al., Che
We describe the setup and first results of an inverse modelling system for atmospheric N2O, based on a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) technique and the atmospheric transport zoom model TM5. We focus in this study on the European domain, utilizing a comprehensive set of quasi-continuous measurements over Europe, complemented by N2O measurements from the Earth System Research Laboratory of the
To evaluate the contribution of bone marrow (BM) cells to treat neurological disorders, we examined the effectiveness of BM cells expressing the homeobox B4 (HoxB4) gene to cure mice with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) through transplantation. Increased number of donor cells was observed in brains of the MLD mice transplanted with HoxB4-transduced BM cells (B4MLD) in contrast to those transpla
Smoking is associated with postmenopausal bone loss and fracture, but the effect of smoking on bone in younger women is unclear. Peak bone mass is an important determinant for fracture risk; therefore, our aim was to evaluate the association between smoking and bone mass in 25-year-old women, specifically the influence of daily cigarette consumption and total exposure, duration, age at starting sm
In recent decades, comprehensive rationalisations have been implemented in public dentistry in Sweden. How rationalisations affect working conditions, health and production from a long-term perspective has been poorly investigated. This study aims to analyse changes and associations in dentists' working conditions, health and productivity during a 5-year period. In 2003 and 2008, 65 dentists respo
Background: A growing number of individuals are diagnosed with hereditary cancer. Though increased levels of anxiety and depression have been demonstrated around the time of genetic counselling, most individuals handle life at increased risk well. Data have, however, been collected on individual basis, which led us to focus on family perspectives of hereditary cancer. Methods: Lynch syndrome repre
Abstract For nanotoxicology investigations of air-borne particles to provide relevant results it is ever so important that the particle exposure of, for example cells, closely resembles the "real" exposure situation, that the dosimetry is well defined, and that the characteristics of the deposited nanoparticles are known in detail. By synthesizing the particles in the gas-phase and directly deposi
