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Apomorphine, given subcutaneously (s.c.), induces erection and bladder overactivity in rats through stimulation of dopamine (D1- and D2-like) receptors in the central nervous system. In paraplegic patients, apomorphine was reported to cause bladder overactivity. This suggests that apomorphine may have a spinal site of action also for stimulation of erection. The present study was initiated to eval
In Sweden, municipalities organize a large share of public services but the conditions for providing these services differ considerably due to differences in size and wealth. In the wake of financial stress and New Public Management reforms the Swedish local governments seeks new ways to make both ends meet and still manage the services to be in line with the present (not the past) demands of the
Popular Abstract in Swedish I hjärnan finns ett fantastiskt effektivt kontrollsystem för utförandet av olika typer av rörelser. Lillhjärnan är en viktig del av detta kontrollsystem eftersom skador på lillhjärnan kan leda till att fint styrda rörelser blir svårare eller kanske helt omöjliga att utföra. En förståelse av lillhjärnans funktion kan därför leda till en bättre generell förståelse av hur A modular organization has recently been described for the cerebellar control system comprising the forelimb areas of the C1/C3/Y zones in the cerebellar cortex and nucleus interpositus anterior (NIA) of the cat. A module is a group of cells in NIA which receives homogenous climbing fibre input via Purkinje cells that belong to the same set of microzones in the C1/C3/Y zones. The organization of i
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den cancerskyddande genen p53 är av betydelse för att göra leukemiceller friska. Blodbildning. Blodceller är nödvändiga för vårt välbefinnande och vår överlevnad. Det finns flera olika typer med egna specialiserade funktioner. Så krävs t. ex. röda blodkroppar för syresättning och vita blodkroppar för att bekämpa infektioner. Blodcellerna har begränsad överlevnad; när Leukemic cells suffer from an impaired ability to differentiate due to inherited or acquired genetic lesions. These genetic changes can sometimes be bypassed with various compounds both in vitro, and, more rarely, in vivo, thus inducing terminal differentiation of the leukemic cells. Differentiation of both leukemic and normal hematopoietic cells is believed to be intimately coupled to cell cycle
Context: Systems of systems (SoS) are highly complex and are integrated on multiple levels (unit, component, system, system of systems). Many of the characteristics of SoS (such as operational and managerial independence, integration of system into system of systems, SoS comprised of complex systems) make their development and testing challenging. Contribution: This paper provides an understanding
Popular Abstract in Swedish Traditionellt sett är resande en maskulin aktivitet. I det här sammanhanget betyder det att resan för en euro-amerikansk man ses som en identitetsskapande process som formar honom som subjekt. Denna process förutsätter att kvinnan figurerar i marginalen, i det stereotypiska fallet som sexobjekt eller väntande hustru/moder. Genom att ersätta män med kvinnor i huvudrollerThis thesis is founded on the premise that traditional discourses of travel and mobility are inherently masculinist, that is, travel is seen as a masculinity rite-of passage for the Euro-American male, shaping his subjectivity through the othering and marginalization of women. Taking Jack Kerouac’s On the Road (1957), the epitome of masculinist travel literature, as a starting point for an examina
The marketing and consumption of green products has grown significantly in recent years. As mediators between producers and consumers, retailing sites play an important role for the distribution of green products. It is through stores and other retail sites that green products are marketed and made available to consumers. But how does retailing work to circulate green products? How are green produ
Molecular imprinting, method for creating artificial receptors that are mimics of biological antibodies and receptors, is based on the concept of creating substrate-specific recognition sites in polymeric matrices by means of template polymerisation. The polymeric receptors produced display favourable binding characteristics, such as high affinity and specificity towards the substrate molecules. C
Both the idea of the self and the idea of memory went through significant changes in the 18th and 19th centuries – developments that in important ways were driven by, and showcased in, the different forms of autobiographical expression popular during this period. With the aim of studying the Swedish context in this regard, the thesis describes a number of typical situations and thematic structures
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling presenterar nya metoder för att analysera bilder på hjärtat för att utesluta eller bekräfta kranskärlssjukdom. Hjärtat har en livsviktig uppgift, att pumpa runt blodet för att förse alla kroppens organ med energi och syre. Vid förträngningar i kärlen som försörjer hjärtmuskeln med blod (kranskärlen) uppkommer ett tillstånd som kallas ischemisk hjärtsjukIn this thesis, methods for automated analysis of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computer tomography (myocardial perfusion SPECT, MPS) images have been successfully developed and evaluated. MPS images show the perfusion of the myocardium and are used for diagnosing patients with suspected ischemic heart disease. The disease is characterized by reduced perfusion to a region of the myoc
In the past two decades, the eddy covariance technique has been used for an increasing number of methane flux studies at an ecosystem scale. Previously, most of these studies used a closed path setup with a tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDL). Although this method worked well, the TDL has to be calibrated regularly and cooled with liquid nitrogen or a cryogenic system, which limits its use in r
PURPOSE A binational, population-based treatment protocol was established to prospectively treat and follow patients with seminomatous testicular cancer. The aim was to standardize care for all patients with seminoma to further improve the good results expected for this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2000 to 2006, a total of 1,384 Norwegian and Swedish patients were included in the study. Trea
BACKGROUND: We previously reported that a single prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured at ages 44-50 was highly predictive of subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis in an unscreened population. Here we report an additional 7 years of follow-up. This provides replication using an independent data set and allows estimates of the association between early PSA and subsequent advanced cancer (clinical
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Studies have indicated that women are more vulnerable to the effect of tobacco smoking compared with men. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of reported respiratory symptoms and diseases according to smoking burden, age and sex. DESIGN: Questionnaire in a cross sectional population based study. SETTING: The BONT (Bronchial obstruction in Nord-Trondelag) study is p
The aromatic beta-carbolines norharman and harman have been implicated in a number of human diseases including Parkinson's disease, tremor, addiction and cancer. It has been shown that these compounds are normal body constituents formed endogenously but external sources have been identified. Here, we summarise literature data on levels of norharman and harman in fried meat and fish, meat extracts,
Background-The number of circulating blood monocytes impacts atherosclerotic lesion size, and in mouse models, elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol suppress blood monocyte counts and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that individuals with mild renal dysfunction at increased cardiovascular risk would have reduced high-density lipoprotein levels, high blood monocyte counts, and acc
This thesis presents methods for improving the accuracy and efficiency of tasks performed using different kinds of industrial manipulators, with a focus on the application of machining. Industrial robots offer a flexible and cost-efficient alternative to machine tools for machining, but cannot achieve as high accuracy out of the box. This is mainly caused by non-ideal properties in the robot joint
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by tremor, muscle rigidity and bradykinesia, which is primarily due to the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Currently, patients are primarily treated with L-dopa and other drugs that enhance dopaminergic function. Those are effective during the first years, but eventually the majority of patients
In the study reported here we examined the short-term effects (1-3 years) of slash retention (SR) and the long-term effects (13-15 years) of wood-ash application (A) on fine roots and mycorrhizae in a 40-year-old Norway spruce forest in southwest Sweden. Soil cores were used to obtain estimates of the biomass (g m(-2)) of roots in three diameter classes (< 0.5, 0.5-1 and 1-2 mm), root length densi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Minst en miljon friska levnadsår går förlorade varje år på grund av trafikbuller i Västeuropa. Buller stör vardagsaktiviteter och sömn, samt har kopplats samman med flera andra dåliga effekter på livskvalitet och hälsa, bland annat ökad risk för högt blodtryck och hjärtinfarkt. Vi vet från tidigare forskning att de dåliga effekterna av trafikbuller kan ändras av socialaTraffic noise causes annoyance and sleep disturbance and has been linked with several other adverse effects on life quality and health, including increased risk of hypertension and myocardial infarction. Conservative estimates assume that at least one million healthy life years are lost every year from traffic related noise in the western part of Europe. We know from earlier studies that the adver
