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There has been a significant interest in the estimation of time and effort in fixing defects among both software practitioners and researchers over the past two decades. However, most of the focus has been on prediction of time and effort in resolving bugs, without much regard to predicting time needed to complete high-level requirements, a critical step in release planning. In this paper, we desc
The European Spallation Source (Lund, Sweden) is an under construction multi-disciplinary research facility to be based around a Linear Particle Accelerator which is to provide 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 2 GeV at a pulse repetition rate of 14 Hz, representing an average beam power of 5 MW. To accommodate the requirements of the proton linac, a large number of klystrons driven by power electroni
Swirl stabilized premixed flames are common in industrial gas turbines. The flame shape in the combustor is highly related to the combustion stability and the performance of the gas turbine. In the current paper, the effects of confinement on the time averaged flame structures or flame macrostructures are studied experimentally. Experiments are carried out with swirl number S = 0.66 in two cylindr
Background--Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory lipid disorder and the main underlying pathology of acute ischemic events. Despite a vast amount of data from murine atherosclerosis models, evidence of B-cell involvement in human atherosclerotic disease is limited. We therefore investigated the association of circulating B-cell subtypes with the occurrence of secondary cardiovascular events in advan
Genetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and the estrogen receptor has been suggested as a possible candidate gene for regulation of bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated the relationship between PvuII, XbaI, and dinucleotide (TA)n repeat polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) gene and BMD in a study of women from northeast Scotland in the United Kin
OBJECTIVES: To explore clustering of comorbidities among patients with a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) and estimate the 10-year mortality risk for each identified cluster.METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study of individuals with first incident diagnosis of OA of the hip, knee, ankle/foot, wrist/hand, or 'unspecified' site between 2006 and 2020, using SIDIAP (a primary care databa
Objective The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Iraqi immigrants to Sweden is high and partly related to sedentary physical activity and calorie dense food. The aim of the present study was to explore perceptions, experiences and barriers concerning lifestyle modifications (LSM) in Iraqi immigrants to Sweden at risk for T2D. Design A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on data coll
BACKGROUND: Recent research indicates long-term survival benefits of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) compared with open esophagectomy (OE) for patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers, but there is a need for more population-based studies.METHODS: We conducted a prospective population-based nationwide cohort study including all patients in Sweden diagnosed with e
Periodic structures are known to produce passbands and stopbands for propagation of vibration energy within the frequency domain. Sources vibrating harmonically at a frequency within a passband can lead to propagation of energy through propagating modes over long distances. However, sources vibrating at a frequency within a stopband excite only nearfields in the form of attenuating and evanescent
This degree project combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with experimental validation using a Büchi B-290 spray dryer to study particle deposition patterns during spray drying of a glycerol-based solution. The CFD simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent with a monophasic air model, where the liquid phase was represented as discrete inert particles injected via the Disc
This thesis presents a complete digital back-end implementation of a PN-dither least-mean-squares (LMS) background calibration scheme for a 12-bit, 500 MS/s pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The target converter, designed by a parallel analog project, comprises four 3-bit stages and a 4-bit final flash stage; its actual inter-stage gains depart substantially from their nominal values, re
Objective: To examine the clusters of chronic conditions present in people with osteoarthritis and the associated risk factors and health outcomes. Methods: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD was used to identify people diagnosed with incident osteoarthritis (n = 221,807) between 1997 and 2017 and age (±2 years), gender, and practice matched controls (no osteoarthritis, n = 221,807) f
Background: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a precise, tissue-sparing surgical technique that offers superior cure rates compared to traditional surgical excision. However, the degree of difficulty of MMS depends on many variables, and consequently, the number of surgical stages required for each case is quite unpredictable.Objectives: To identify risk factors for complicated MMS, defined as MM
In hot climates, achieving a good indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in existing buildings is important especially with climate change challenges as future heat waves will increase in frequency, duration, and intensity. In educational buildings, there is much more focus on the IEQ parameters and the interactions among them that need to be in line with the continuously changing learning environment
Objective: Immediate cartilage structural alterations in the acute phase after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture may be a precursor to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development. Our aim was to describe changes in cartilage matrix in the subacute phase of the acutely ACL-injured knee compared to the contralateral uninjured knee. Design: Participants (n = 118) aged 15–40 years with a
Background: Process evaluations are an important component in the interpretation and understanding of outcomes in trials. The Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics (ORBIT) study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an Internet-delivered behavioural intervention (called BIP TIC) compared to an Internet-delivered education programme aimed at children and young p
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant linked with various adverse health effects, including immune system dysfunction. Gut microbial dysbiosis can contribute to a wide range of pathogenesis, particularly immune disease. Here, we investigated the impact of DBP on the gut microbiome and examined correlations with immune system changes after five weeks oral exposure (10
Helminth/tuberculosis (TB)-coinfection can reduce cell-mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and increase disease severity, although the effects are highly helminth species dependent. Mtb have long been ranked as the number one single infectious agent claiming the most lives. The only licensed vaccine for TB (BCG) offers highly variable protection against TB, and almost no pro
Background: Predicting a challenging clot when performing mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke can be difficult. One reason for this difficulty is a lack of agreement on how to precisely define these clots. We explored the opinions of stroke thrombectomy and clot research experts regarding challenging clots, defined as difficult to recanalize clots by endovascular approaches, and clot/patient f
Objectives To assess the effects of interventions authorised by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) or the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prevention of COVID-19 progression to severe disease in outpatients. Setting Outpatient treatment. Participants Participants with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and the associated SARS-CoV-2 virus irrespective of age, sex and comorbidities. Interventions Dru
