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Fresh and aged diesel soot particles have different impacts on climate and human health. Whilefresh diesel soot particles are highly aspherical and non-hygroscopic, aged particles are sphericaland hygroscopic. Aging and its effect on water uptake also controls the dispersion of diesel soot inthe atmosphere. Understanding the timescales on which diesel soot ages in the atmosphere is thus important,Fresh and aged diesel soot particles have different impacts on climate and human health. While fresh diesel soot particles are highly aspherical and non-hygroscopic, aged particles are spherical and hygroscopic. Aging and its effect on water uptake also controls the dispersion of diesel soot in the atmosphere. Understanding the timescales on which diesel soot ages in the atmosphere is thus importa

The increased demand for high purity nanoparticles (NPs) of defined geometry necessitates the continuous development of generation routes. One of the most promising physical techniques for producing metal, semiconductor or alloy NPs in the gas phase is spark discharge NP generation. The technique has a great potential for up-scaling without altering the particles. Despite the simplicity of the set

Changes in chemical and physical properties resulting from water adsorption play an important role in the characterization and performance of device-relevant materials. Studies of model oxides with well-characterized surfaces can provide detailed information that is vital for a general understanding of water-oxide interactions. In this work, we study single crystals of indium oxide, the prototypic

Carbon fluxes between natural ecosystems and the atmosphere have received increased attention in recent years due to the impact they have on climate. In order to investigate independently how soil moisture and temperature control carbon fluxes into and out of a dry subarctic dwarf shrub dominated heath, monoliths containing soil and plants were incubated at three different moisture levels and subj

14C (radiocarbon) in atmospheric CO2 is the most direct tracer for the presence of fossil-fuel-derived CO2 (CO2-ff). We demonstrate the measurement of wine ethanol as a way to determine the relative regional atmospheric CO2-ff concentration compared to a background site ("regional CO2-ff excess") for specific harvest years. The carbon in wine ethanol is directly back traceable to the atmospheric C

Urban green infrastructure (UGI) has been increasingly promoted as a key measure to mitigate heat stress in cities caused by the urban heat island effect and climate change impacts, including climate variability and extremes. However, comparable information concerning the performance of different UGI types to moderate such impacts is mostly lacking. This creates serious challenges for urban planne

Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have been widely used for diagnosis. As time and cost of sequencing has reduced sharply during the last decade, genome and exome-wide sequencing have increasingly been used. The genome and exome projects produce large amounts of variation data and the clinical relevance of large proportions of them are not known. Among various types of genetic variations, t

The Middle Permian to Lower Triassic Buday'ah section, exposed in the Oman Mountains, is the first deep-sea section to be described in the Neotethys. The oceanic sediments were deposited along the southern Tethys margin in the newly formed Hawasina Basin. It is one of the few places where true Tethyan Permian radiolarites are exposed that allow the documentation of CCD evolution through time. The

The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe biotic crisis in Earth's history. In its direct aftermathmicrobial communities colonized some of the space left vacant after the severe decline of skeletal metazoans.The Permian-Triassic boundary microbialites were peculiarly abundant on low-latitude shallow-marine carbonateshelves of central Tethyan continents. Armenia features particularly well

Hiatella is one of the most widespread marine bivalve genera, occurring in diverse habitats from the temperate to polar latitudes in both hemispheres, and in fossil strata since almost 150 Myr ago. Despite variation in some biological and morphological traits, characters to resolve the current systematic structure consistently across the range of the genus are not known: all samples are often refe

Based on his study on the American black ghetto and the French working-class banlieues, Loic Wacquant (2007) conceptualises territorial stigmatisation to capture how the negative perception of relegated urban territories affects their inhabitants and the public policies toward them. Most of the subsequent studies on the topic are done in similar Western post-Fordist and post-colonial settings, and

We investigated inbreeding depression and genetic load in a small (Ne ∼ 100) population of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia), which has been completely isolated on a small island [Pikku Tytärsaari (PT)] in the Baltic Sea for at least 75 y. As a reference, we studied conspecific populations from the well-studied metapopulation in the Åland Islands (ÅL), 400 km away. A large popul

Cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be and 14C, share a common production signal, with their formation in the Earth's upper atmosphere modulated by changes to the geomagnetic field, as well as variations in the intensity of the solar wind. Here, we use this common production signal to compare between the radiocarbon (IntCal)and Greenland ice-core (GICC05)timescales, utilising the most pronounced c

The burial and gathering site Almhov was discovered as a result of large-scale archaeological excavations in southern Sweden revealing the remains of five long barrows, two dolmens and a large number of pits, rich in finds. Given the multitude of activities performed at the site including, for example, monument-building, pit-digging, burying, feasting and axe-manufacturing, the site can serve as a

In response to the ongoing climate crisis, many countries have issued policies to support the uptake of renewable energy. In the same vein, the European Union (EU) has issued a revised renewable energy directive in 2018. One of the pillars of the directive is the support for community energy initiatives, i.e. sustainable energy initiatives run by or with the participation of citizens. The concept

Increasing global light pollution1,2 threatens the night-time darkness to which most animals are adapted. Light pollution can have detrimental effects on behavior,3–5 including by disrupting the journeys of migratory birds,5,6 sand hoppers,7–9 and moths.10 This is particularly concerning, since many night-active species rely on compass information in the sky, including the moon,11,12 the skylight

Introduction: Emergency departments (ED) globally are addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with varying degrees of success. We leveraged the 17-country, Emergency Medicine Education & Research by Global Experts (EMERGE) network and non-EMERGE ED contacts to understand ED emergency preparedness and practices globally when combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We elect

Hållbarhet och hållbar mobilitet har blivit viktiga mål i national politik och policy. Cykling har dock inte kunnat dra nytta av detta. Om man betraktar cyklingens betydelse under de senaste decennierna, och dess förväntade betydelse i framtiden, finns emellertid få anledningar till optimism, åtminstone inte på nationell och övergripande nivå; cykeln befinner sig fortfarande i skuggan av bilen. DeSustainability and sustainable mobility have become important political goals and have left their mark as important discourses in national policies and programs. Against expectations, cycling has barely benefited from this. Looking back over the shoulder at the significance of cycling over the last few decades and looking forward to suggested implications in the future give no reason for joy, at l

We validate the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) object of interest TOI-2266.01 (TIC 8348911) as a small transiting planet (most likely a super-Earth) orbiting a faint M5 dwarf (V = 16.54) on a 2.33 d orbit. The validation is based on an approach where multicolour transit light curves are used to robustly estimate the upper limit of the transiting object's radius. Our analysis uses SPO