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The aging lung is increasingly susceptible to infectious disease. Changes in pulmonary physiology and function are common in older populations, and in those older than 60 years, pneumonia is the major cause of infectious death. Understanding age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune systems, and how they affect both pulmonary and systemic responses to pulmonary challenge are critical t

Many pathogenic bacteria have been reported to interact with human platelets to mediate platelet activation and aggregation. The importance of these interactions to the immune response or pathogenesis of bacterial infection has not been clarified. It may therefore be valuable to assess platelet responses mediated by diverse strains of bacteria. Here, I describe a method to study platelet integrin

1. A 6-year study (1992-97) of changes in submerged vegetation after biomanipulation was carried out in the eutrophicated Lake Finjasjon, Southern Sweden. Ten sites around the lake were revisited each year. At each site five samples of above-ground biomass were taken at 10 cm water depth intervals. An investigation of the seed bank at the 10 sites, and a grazing experiment where birds and large fi

This thesis aims to explore social work practices in relation to sex work. It addresses the research question of what challenges, trends and implications evolve for professional social work in Germany once effective practices in response to prostitution have been identified. These issues are explored through the method of qualitative interviews. The study uses social stigma theory as a theoretica

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes physical damage to DNA, carboxylation of proteins and peroxidation of lipids in copepod crustaceans, ubiquitous and abundant secondary producers in most aquatic ecosystems. Copepod adaptations for long duration exposures include changes in behaviour, changes in pigmentation and ultimately changes in morphology. Adaptations to short-term exposures are little studi

The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the Swedish stock market and find any evidence that Swedish CEOs are able to gain abnormal returns by using inside information. The theoretical framework is based on the previous studies within the insider trading field. The key theories for this study are the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the Signalling Hypothesis. In order to determine the abnormal ret

The globally accelerating sea-level rise poses a problem in coastal areas through, e.g., the erosion of sandy beaches. Due to this, buildings, infrastructure, and other values can be lost, making the future shoreline position important to project in coastal management. One location with historical erosion problems is Ystad municipality in southern Sweden, where the erosive problems are probable to

Owing to the prevalence of fractal patterns in natural scenery and their growing impact on cultures around the world, fractals constitute a common feature of our daily visual experiences, raising an important question: what responses do fractals induce in the observer? We monitored subjects’ EEG while they were viewing fractals with different fractal dimensions, and the results show that significa

Introduction Angiotensin-receptor blockers may exert favourable anti-arrhythmic effects in atrial fibrillation (AF), but their mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that (i) candesartan reduces atrial fibrillatory rate and (ii) fibrillatory rate and its response to candesartan are related with the outcome of cardioversion. For this purpose, a post hoc subanal

Titanium is widely used clinically, yet little is known regarding the effects of modifying its three-dimensional surface geometry at the nanoscale level. In this project we have explored the in vivo response in terms of nitric oxide scavenging and fibrotic capsule formation to nano-modified titanium implant surfaces. We compared titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanotubes with 100nm diameters fabricated b

Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are a crucial component of biosphere-atmosphere interactions. In northern latitudes, climate change is amplified by feedback processes in which BVOCs have a recognized, yet poorly quantified role, mainly due to a lack of measurements and concomitant modeling gaps. Hence, current Earth system models mostly rely on temperature responses measur

This chapter reports preliminary findings from a study of epistemic consequences of misinformation in social networks. It uses the methodology of computer simulation, constructing computer models of Bayesian learning in networks that include untrustworthy sources. Censorship and de-platforming take time and money, and they violate social and democratic norms of inclusiveness and free speech. Enqui

Functional magnetic resonance imaging has suggested the possibility that hypoglycemia could interfere with neurovascular coupling. Here we discuss the implications of a study by Nippert and colleagues showing that hypoglycemia does not impair neurovascular coupling.

Changes in forest cover have a strong effect on climate through the alteration of surface biogeophysical and biogeochemical properties that affect energy, water and carbon exchange with the atmosphere. To quantify biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of deforestation in a consistent setup, nine Earth system models (ESMs) carried out an idealized experiment in the framework of the Coupled Mode