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Popular Abstract in Swedish När vi äter kolhydrater, fett, protein och andra näringsämnen sker kemiska reaktioner i kroppen som kan liknas vid dom som sker när man eldar en brasa. Vid förbränning reagerar kolhydrater med syre och bildar koldioxid och vatten. Denna förbränning frigör den energi som funnits lagrad i kolhydraterna, i brasan i form av värme, och i kroppens celler omvandlas den till keNADH:quinone oxidoreductase, or complex I, is a large, complex and poorly understood bioenergetic enzyme in the respiratory chain of living organisms. The enzyme has a conserved core structure, comprising fourteen protein subunits: Seven subunits protrude from the membrane and contain a flavin prosthetic group and eight iron-sulfur clusters that guide electrons from the oxidation of NADH towards t

A stochastic model based on a probability density function (PDF) was developed for the investigation of different conditions that determine knock in spark ignition (SI) engine, with focus on the turbulent mixing. The model used is based on a two-zone approach, where the burned and unburned gases are described as stochastic reactors. By using a stochastic ensemble to represent the PDF of the scalar

The ESS elliptical superconducting Linac consists of two types of 704.42 MHz cavities, medium and high beta, to accelerate the beam from 216 MeV (spoke cavity Linac) up to the final energy at 2 GeV. The last Linac optimization, called Optimus+, has been carried out taking into account the limitations of SRF cavity performance (field emission). The medium and high-beta parts of the Linac are compos

Despite a growing reliance on evolutionary theories when explaining industrial dynamics, the mechanism of selection has received limited attention. Selection is often taken for granted and conceptualised as product market competition. We go beyond this view and distinguish between different types of selection—formal and social—and consider how these lead to different entities being selected. Forma

Over the last decades or so, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become one of the most promising tools for modelling hydrological processes such as rainfall-runoff processes. In most studies, ANNs have been demonstrated to show superior result compared to the traditional modelling approaches. They are able to map underlying relationships between input and output data without detailed knowledge

In the issue of using Life cycle assessment (LCA) for assessing E-commerce, we had some epistemological observations, via content analyse method, indicating that LCA has not only aspects of the ‘Systems Approach’ but also of the ‘Analytical Approach’, with even less emphasis on the former in practical terms. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the connection among these observations, and

Evaluation of IT investments is a difficult and complicated issue. This chapter presents a framework for control of IT investments with the aim of providing decision-makers with a clear picture of individual IT investments as well as an aggregated level where all IT investments are combined into a total picture. The framework has been developed using an action–research approach.In a number of work

Regional climate and energy planning in Sweden has long been fairly weak. Starting in 2008, however, the regional administrative level was strengthened, when the County Administrative Boards (CABs) were commissioned to develop regional climate and energy strategies. Coordinating and involving various stakeholders in the strategy work was essential to the assignment. The process of developing these

The recent surge in publications on the history of knowledge may obscure the fact that there are several parallel understandings of what the field is. In this article, I discern five major historiographical directions in contemporary scholarship regarding the history of knowledge. The analytical framework that has so far attracted the most attention is the circulation of knowledge. As productive a

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue on Islam in the Republic of Ireland. The introduction gives a brief overview of previous studies on Islam and Muslims in Ireland and shows their links with the studies published in this issue. Second, it presents in a concise manner the historical development of Islam in Ireland with respect to the increasing numbers of Muslims. As Irelan

It is evident that Sarajevo has major challenges to create a dynamic culture around entrepreneurship. The reports also outline major constraints entrepreneurs face when hiring and retaining qualified labour. By applying the ILO’s Inclusive Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Framework, this report presentsthe root causes behind these challenges, and proposes ways forward to better include women and young p

This study examines the views of stakeholders involved in house renovations regarding the one-stop-shop business concept innovation, and assesses their level of preparedness to adopt such a concept in order to enter the promising market of detached house renovations. The investigation is based on 25 interviews with construction SMEs owners, real estate agents and loan consultants, and on a concept

When developing tools for automated cortical segmentation, the ability to produce topologically correct segmentations is important in order to compute geometrically valid morphometry measures. In practice, accurate cortical segmentation is challenged by image artifacts and the highly convoluted anatomy of the cortex itself. To address this, we propose a novel deep learning-based cortical segmentat

Prohibition of excessive pricing belongs to one of the oldest legal constructs in human history. The historical roots and the near-universal codification of the concept of excessive pricing has however not mitigated the contentious quarrel alongside seemingly unreconcilable legal-economic positions. Positions ranging from those denying the very existence of excessive pricing, let alone endorsing e

Background: Cervical cancer is a public health challenge despite the available free screening service in Ethiopia. Early screening for cervical cancer significantly improves the chances of successful treatment of pre-cancers and cancers among women of reproductive age. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the uptake of screening and identify the factors among women of reproductive age. Methods: A

The Gaia-ESO Survey was designed to target all major Galactic components (i.e. bulge, thin and thick discs, halo and clusters), with the goal of constraining the chemical and dynamical evolution of the MilkyWay. This paper presents the methodology and considerations that drive the selection of the targeted, allocated and successfully observed Milky Way field stars. The detailed understanding of th

Estimation of the defect content is important to enable quality control throughout the software development process. Capture-recapture methods and curve fitting methods have been suggested as tools to estimate the defect content after a review: The methods are highly reliant on the quality of the data. If the number of reviewers is fairly small, it becomes difficult or even impossible to get relia