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Given the growing importance of bike-sharing systems nowadays, in this paper we suggest an alternative approach to mitigate the most crucial problem related to them: the imbalance of bicycles between zones owing to one-way trips. In particular, we focus on the emerging free-floating systems, where bikes can be delivered or picked-up almost everywhere in the network and not just at dedicated dockin
The aim of this paper is to discuss how research schools with a structured programme and targeted profile may make it difficult for doctoral students to expand the academic role. Our paper is based on material collected in a questionnaire given to doctoral students enrolled at a Swedish research school in architecture. In this questionnaire we found three areas – openness to other disciplines and
Since the 2008 financial crisis, more and more states have started to “sell” citizenships and residence permits to the global economic elite in return for investments. This trade is mediated by transnational firms in the investment citizenship industry, who help governments design and reform the programmes, and assist the wealthy in applying for them. The objective of this article is to explore th
Previous research carried out by the authors described the role of dual-fuel combustion efficiency on overall engine efficiency at high diesel substitution ratio. At low loads, high diesel substitution ratios result in excessive total unburned hydrocarbon emissions due to bulk flame quenching, and consequently lower substitution ratios in combination with intake air heating, throttling and increas
In optical DNA mapping technologies sequence-specific intensity variations (DNA barcodes) along stretched and stained DNA molecules are produced. These "fingerprints" of the underlying DNA sequence have a resolution of the order one kilobasepairs and the stretching of the DNA molecules are performed by surface adsorption or nano-channel setups. A postprocessing challenge for nano-channel based met
This dissertation consists of three empirical essays concerning social norms and their effect on economic outcomes. Each essays discusses a seperate subject. The first paper, Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Gender Norms and Women Executives in the United States studies social norms as a distal cause of differences between genders in corporate executive recruitment strategies. Using census-level panel This dissertation consists of three empirical essays concerning social norms and their effect on economic outcomes. Each essays discusses a seperate subject. The first paper, Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Gender Norms and Women Executives in the United States studies social norms as a distal cause of differences between genders in corporate executive recruitment strategies. Using census-level panel
Popular Abstract in Swedish En av de mest fundamentala funktionerna för vårt långtidsminne är funktionen att kunna plocka fram ett specifikt minne när vi stöter på en ledtråd som är relaterad till detta minne. Ett vardagsexempel på sådan ledtrådsstödd långtidsminnesframplockning är om en vän frågar dig hur långt ett maraton är (en ledtråd som sökningen i långtidsminnet kan baseras på) och du lyckaA fundamental function of long-term memory is the ability to retrieve a specific memory when encountering a retrieval cue. The purpose of this dissertation was to further our understanding of such cued recall by investigating the temporal dynamics from the presentation of the retrieval cue until the target memory is recalled. Retrieval cues are often related with several memories. When such a retr
This thesis deals with Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT), an effective field theory for the strong force used to describe meson interactions. The work done can be split in two parts. The first one is on ChPT in its standard formulation. This theory has been very successful so far in describing low energetic processes. However, it is still not entirely clear how much it can be trusted for precision
This work presents a methodology for designing online web presentations reusing a large scale, interactive and immersive VR installation by mapping assets as well as interactions to a low capability environment. With the emergence of WebGL plugin-free interactive 3D graphics inside limited information processing environments, e.g. browser technologies, becomes reality. However, macro VR worlds typ
In this paper, a new approach to designing beamformers for voice control device is proposed. It is well-known that under a strong near-field noise with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the performance of speech recognition is deteriorated significantly. However, designing the beamformer for enhancing speech recognition is a slow process and might not be adapted. easily to the changing noise envir
This paper presents a 2-dimension (2-D) Vernier time-to-digital converter (TDC) which uses two 3-stage gated-ring-oscillators (GROs) in the X/Y Vernier branches. The already small Vernier quantization noise (~10.6ps) is improved by the 1st-order noise shaping of the GRO. Moreover, since all delay differences between X phases and Y phases can be used (rather than only the diagonal line of the 1-dim
The ESS elliptical superconducting Linac consists of two types of 704.42 MHz cavities, medium and high beta, to accelerate the beam from 216 MeV (spoke cavity Linac) up to the final energy at 2 GeV. The last Linac optimization, called Optimus+, has been carried out taking into account the limitations of SRF cavity performance (field emission). The medium and high-beta parts of the Linac are compos
Since 2004 the free-electron laser FLASH at DESY has been operated in the Self-Amplified Stimulated Emission mode (SASE), delivering gigawatt pulses with wavelengths between 6.5 nm and 40 nm in the femtosecond domain. In 2009 DESY installed an additional radiofrequency module for controlling the phase space of the electron bunches that gives the possibility to generate bunches with high peak curre
A study on characteristics of currents and mixing in a shallow ice‐covered Russian lake is presented. The current velocity data are separated into four main components, mean velocity, uninodal longitudinal and transverse seiche currents, and “high”‐frequency velocity fluctuations, using digital filters. The analysis of components shows that mean currents are most pronounced in early winter and are
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fascinating structures with a wide range of applications and several methods have been developed for their fabrication. The arc-discharge in liquid method is a new technique for synthesis of nanocarbon structures and is recognized as a low-cost method. In this work, this method was used for fabrication of carbon nanotubes, and subsequently a modified acid treatment meth
AIMS: There is considerable controversy regarding optimal management of patients with paraesophageal hiatus hernia (pHH). This survey aims at identifying recommended strategies for work-up, surgical therapy, and postoperative follow-up using Delphi methodology.METHODS: We conducted a 2-round, 33-question, web-based Delphi survey on perioperative management (preoperative work-up, surgical procedure
The cross section of bottom quark-antiquark (bb¯) production in p+p collisions at s=510 GeV is measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The results are based on the yield of high mass, like-sign muon pairs measured within the PHENIX muon arm acceptance (1.21 GeV/c, and dimuon mass of 5-10 GeV/c2. The extrapolated total cross section at this energy for bb¯ productio
In the 1940s activists lobbied for the creation of a binding international bill of rights backed up by an international human rights court as the backbone of the post‐World War II order. Together, so the activists believed, these would guarantee peace and harmony to all mankind. Seven decades later this vision has been transformed into a cluster of UN human rights treaties and expert committees kn
Although the potential advantages of clinical germline genome editing (GGE) over currently available methods are limited, the implementation of GGE in the clinic has been proposed and discussed. Ethical issues related to such an application have been extensively debated, meanwhile, seemingly less attention has been paid to ethical implications of studies which would have to be conducted in order t
