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Abstract To analyze the HIV-1 CRF02_AG viral diversity and evolution during the course of disease, the V1-V3 region of the env gene of sequential blood plasma samples from eight patients from Guinea-Bissau was studied. The patients were divided into two different groups, fast and slow progressors (FP and SP), according to the time between seroconversion and development of AIDS. The RNA of the vi
Genom att teckna en avbrottsförsäkring kan ett företag skydda sig mot de inkomstförluster som riskerar att uppstå om verksamheten drabbas av ett avbrott. För att full försäkringsersättning ska utgå vid ett avbrott fordras emellertid att det försäkrade företaget inte, i strid med 8 kap. 11 § försäkringsavtalslagen (FAL), förvärrat det inträffade försäkringsfallet eller åsidosatt sin plikt att, enliBy entering a business interruption insurance policy agreement, a company can protect itself against the risk of sustaining economic losses following an interruption of the company’s business. In order for the insured company to receive full compensation in the event of an interruption, the company must not, in violation of Section 11 of Chapter 8 of the Insurance Contracts Act (ICA), have exacerb
I avtalsrätten utgörs en central princip av pacta sunt servanda – löften ska hållas. Denna princip, som på ytan kanske inte ser ut att innebära några svårigheter, kan leda till bekymmer sett inom ramen för användandet av letter of intent respektive letter of comfort. I det moderna näringslivet har ett flertal sätt att sluta kommersiella avtal vuxit fram och lett till att avtalslagens anbud-accepOne fundamental principle within the field of contract law is pacta sunt servanda - agreements must be kept. This principle, which on the surface might not seem very complicated, may cause problems when applied on the use of letter of intent and letter of comfort. In the modern business world several ways of entering commercial contracts have arisen, causing the offer-and-acceptance-model provide
Breast cancer is a truly heterogenous disease, reflected in the existence of a wide spectrum of phenotypic subsets of tumours with varying intrinsic aggressiveness as well as ability to respond to a given treatment. Recent advances in large-scale genomic and proteomic screening techniques have confirmed this heterogeneity also at a molecular level, but there is still a bottleneck to be overcome be
En av vår tids största utmaningar är frågan om klimatförändringar. Mänsklig aktivitet över hela världen, från en mängd olika källor, bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen. Därför återfinns klimatlagstiftning på många olika nivåer vilket leder till regelverk som samverkar med varandra på olika plan. I detta komplexa juridiska landskap försöker Europeiska Unionen etablera ett grönt ledarskap. SyfteClimate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Human activities all over the world from a multitude of different sectors are contributing to global warming. Therefore, climate change law exists on many different levels, creating a complex web of interacting legislation. In this multi-levelled legal landscape the European Union is attempting green leadership. The purpose of this the
Restored salt marsh; topography, hydrology and vegetation Coastal salt marshes are shaped through a combination of physical (i.e., sediment accumulation/erosion) and biological (i.e., vegetation) processes. They are characterized by fine sediments and halophytic vegetation. The accretion rate and elevation change has been indicated as one of the most important factors in ecology of the marshes. T
Popular science summary: Is RpS6 activation important for leukemia cell progression? Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common acute blood cancer in adults. It is characterized by a rapid increase of leukemic cells in the bone marrow, compromising the development of new blood cells. Despite improvement in treatments and advancements in supportive care, the overall 5-years survival of AML i
Popular science summary: New approaches for treating lakes with ammonia pollution Extract of Yucca shidigera, a desert plant, has been used in aquaculture to control ammonia in the water. Microalgae has been proved effective in removing ammonia and phosphorous from wastewater of agriculture and aquaculture. Therefore, it is possible that they could remove ammonia from lakes. Hence, several fish t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Mag-tarmkanalen utgör kroppens största hormon-producerande organ. Många av de hormon-producerande cellernas funktion är ännu okänd och mycket lite är känt om den betydelse de kan ha vid olika sjukdomar i mag-tarmkanalen. I magsäckens syraproducerande del (fundus) finns 4 hormon-producerande celler, av vilka ECL cellen (65 %) och A-lika cellen (25 %) tillsammans utgör caThe ECL cells constitute a prominent endocrine cell population in the acid-producing part of the stomach. They are controlled by circulating gastrin released from G-cells in the antrum. In response to gastrin, they secrete histamine, that in turn stimulates the parietal cell to secrete acid. The first aim of the study was to prepare isolated ECL cells of high purity and to study and identify regul
“Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities” is a famous aphorism commonly attributed to Voltaire. The choice to publish under an alias for François-Marie Arouet, reveals that there was some sort of awareness of the relationship between power, knowledge, truth and people’s tyrannical tendencies on his part. What our dear enlightened friend could most likely not fores
Background: In patients undergoing resection for pancreatic cancer, adjuvant modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) improves overall survival compared with alternative chemotherapy regimens. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX with the standard strategy of upfront surgery in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarci
Background: Many blood group antigens are carried by red cell surface proteins, thefunctions of which are not yet fully characterized or in some cases completelyunknown. By investigating red cells with naturally-occurring blood group variants,much has been learnt about the underlying molecules. However, interindividualvariation affecting other molecules than the one(s) of interest may confound oro
Geotechnical engineering is the science dealing with mechanics of soils and rocks and its engineering applications. Geotechnical engineering projects vary in a wide range, from evaluation of the stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits, to the design of earthworks and foundations. Traditional methods, using manual calculations or simplified computational methods, do not, as a rule, t
In order to increase the competitiveness of timber as a building material in outdoor applications, durability and dimensional stability must be ensured. Acetylation enables an environmentally friendly way to increase both durability and dimensional stability of wood, without introducing harmful substances to the environment. The focus of the present research is to examine the possibility of adding
This thesis explores crystal-phase engineering of nanowires to fabricate advanced quantum structures for charge and spin transport studies. Quantum dots formed by crystal-phase tuning during epitaxial growth of InAs nanowires were used as a starting point to realize and electrically characterize two different types of parallel-coupled quantum dots; electron-hole quantum dots and electron-elect
Förevarande uppsats syftar till att utreda vilka drivkrafter som föregick och motiverade rättsutvecklingen inom prostitutionslagstiftningen mellan åren 1850 och 1999. Därtill redogör uppsatsen för hur statsmaktens inställning gentemot prostitution och prostituerade kvinnor tog sig uttryck i den legisla-tiva utvecklingsprocessen. Arbetet har genomförts med hjälp av en rättshisto-risk metod för att This paper aims to investigate the driving forces that preceded and motivated the developments of the law in legislation concerning prostitution between the years of 1850 and 1999 in Sweden. Further more, the paper describes how the state's attitude towards prostitution and prostituted women was expressed in the legislative development process. The work has been undertaken using a legal-histor
Enligt svensk rätt har den som utsätts för förföljelse på grund av sin faktiska eller tillskrivna sexuella läggning rätt att erhålla flyktingstatus. En svårighet med att bedöma asylsökandens sexuella läggning är att det ofta saknas bevisning. Domstolen får därför göra en trovärdighetsbedömning av asylsökandens påstående om den sexuella läggningen. Bedömningarna i dessa mål har kritiserats för att According to Swedish law, those who are persecuted because of their actual or attributed sexual orientation have the right to obtain refugee status. However, such asylum cases are often difficult to assess, as there is often no evidence. The court shall therefore make a credibility assessment of the asylum seeker’s claim about the sexual orientation. The assessments have been criticized, because o
Domstolarnas och de enskilda domarnas självständighet och oberoende är av grundläggande betydelse för rättsstaten och för ett fungerande demokratiskt samhällsskick. Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och analysera gällande rätt om ordinarie domares arbete ur konstitutionellt och arbetsrättsligt perspektiv. Metoden är rättsdogmatisk och rättsanalytisk. Materialet som används är dels de traditioneThe autonomy of the court and the individual judges is of fundamental importance for the rule of law and for a functioning democratic social order. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the law as it applies to ordinary judges from the perspective of constitutional law and labor law. The method of inquiry is legal dogmatic and legal analytic. The materials used in this thesis are p
Uppsatsens syfte är att bidra till förståelsen om konkursboets rättsliga ställning och undersöka i vilken utsträckning ett konkursbo kan erkännas rättskapacitet och partsbehörighet efter konkursens avslut. Konkursboet är en juridisk person och har både rättskapacitet och partsbehörighet. När konkursen avslutas ska konkursboet upplösas. Konkursboet förlorar därmed som utgångspunkt både sin rättskapThe purpose of the thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the legal status of the bankruptcy estate and to examine the extent to which a bankruptcy estate can be recognised as having legal capacity and party capacity after the completion of the bankruptcy. The bankruptcy estate is a legal entity that has both legal capacity and party capacity. When the bankruptcy is completed, the bankrup
In order to reach the climate targets for the society, with significant lower proportions of CO2 emissions than today, certain actions are required. To be able to decrease the emissions, one alternative is to increase the amount of people who uses public transportation as opposed to using cars. The municipality of Åstorp is one of the districts that emits most CO2 per person and day in Scania, and
