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The paper describes a novel method for calculating the residual gas fraction and the trapping efficiency in a 2 stroke engine. Assuming one dimensional compressible flow through the inlet and exhaust ports, the method estimates the instantaneous mass flowing in and out from the combustion chamber; later the residual gas fraction and trapping efficiency are estimated combining together the perfect
Insect antennal flagella host a multitude of sensory organs fulfilling different functions. Chemoreception, for example, is essential for insects in many contexts. Both olfaction and contact chemoreception are involved in host-plant selection, as well as in the integrity of insect societies, especially for nestmate recognition. Kladothrips intermedius is a eusocial gall-inducing thrips with two ca
Exposure of metazoan organisms to hypoxia engages a metabolic switch orchestrated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 mediates induction of glycolysis and active repression of mitochondrial respiration that reduces oxygen consumption and inhibits the production of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that FoxO3A is activated in hypoxia downstream of HIF-1 a
We propose a method for statically analyzing components that can be part of Android applications and which have not been very well analyzed so far, namely native libraries. As of now, third-party native code can be seen as a black box that can be fed input parameters from the Dalvik bytecode context, and output parameters can be returned back to the bytecode context. However, the native code can s
This paper presents the results of an explorative study on the strategies and tactics applied by the mechanical designer during the later phases of the design process. The method chosen for this study is experiment-based, which is appropriate for an in-depth examination of the designer's activities. Six experiments have been run based on three dimensions: 1) the carrying out of basic design tasks
Detailed quantitative characterization of the combustion gases from a series of room fires is reported in this article. Three simulated room fires were conducted with a test room containing a typical domestic fuel load of furniture including a TV-set. Two types of TV-sets were studied in the experiments, i.e. those containing fire retarded and non-fire retarded enclosure material. The measurement
Reliable analytical methods are increasingly needed in the food and beverage industry for the determination of specific components (e.g. sugars, proteins, vitamins, fats) and for detecting and quantifying chemical contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, antibiotics, and pathogenic microorganisms. The need arises from numerous regulatory actions and increased consumer concern about food comp
In the present paper we report on the design decisions and the field test results of an inclusive mobile tourist guide app, the Time Machine. The historical information is conveyed by sound and the navigation information by haptics, while the app can be controlled eyes-free by a combination of on-screen and free-form gestures. To emphasize the eyes-free use, 9 of 11 test users recruited had severe
The use of service oriented architectures (SOA) is rapidly penetrating contemporary business life based on the promise of scalable and flexible information infrastructures. However the technique is still in it infancy and many questions regarding the consequences of a shift towards this kind of IT architecture still remains unanswered. We approach the relation between SOA and another actual topic,
The paper reviews a number of cellular neural network implementations on a field-programmable gate-array. It illustrates experimentally, how these implementations can be used to measure from images or to create dynamic, autonomous processes that facilitate measurements within topographic maps. Applications range from image understanding to robot navigation
The aim of this article is to examine conceptually and empirically how innovative firms combine knowledge (1) provided by different sources, (2) accessed at different spatial scales and (3) acquired through different channels. We add to the conceptual debate by contrasting and synthesising the perspectives offered on these issues by four key concepts, namely the local buzz and global pipelines arg
Abstract Patients' satisfaction is an important outcome measure in reconstructive surgery and quality assurance is today central in the clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patients' satisfaction with the process and final result after reconstruction for congenital microtia. A questionnaire was designed and sent to 78 patients who had undergone unilateral ear reconstruction
Purpose. The overall purpose was to study whether and how persons with blindness detect warning surfaces with a long white cane in a real pedestrian environment after following a natural guidance surface to the warning surfaces. Of particular interest was the importance of kerb, depth, and structure of the warning surfaces. Method. A concurrently mixed methods approach, with a combination of obser
Vision is an important source of information for many animals. The crystalline lens plays a central role in the visual pathway and hence the ecology of fishes. In this study, we tested whether the different light regimes in the Mediterranean and Red Seas have an effect on the optical properties of the lenses in the rivulated rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. This species has migrated through the Suez
Swedish dentistry has been exposed to frequent rationalisation initiatives during the last half century. Previous research has shown that rationalisation often results in increased risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders, thus reducing sustainability in the production system. In this prospective study, we assessed mechanical exposures among Swedish dentists in relation to specifi
This paper explores the concept of peer-to-peer learning (P2PL) in the context of North-European small-scale forest owners. The aim is to develop a framework for initiating new and evaluating already existing forest owners’ P2PL communities. Design: Previous studies of peer-learning are used to determine and justify eight dimensions for forest owners’ P2PL. To demonstrate and test the operability
While knowledge theorists urge attention to knowing in practice, two common habits in the empirical literature, which we call knowledge inherency and skepticism, function to re-center certain practitioners. The sites in which we study knowing thereby remain limited, hindering a fuller practice turn. We argue that this enduring tendency is problematic because it inhibits our understanding of ‘commu
