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In this thesis we consider different tests for unit roots in the presence of structural change. We present the theory that lies behind unit roots, what we mean by structural change and try to detect the instances that “breaks” occur in the data. When performing a unit root test, when there is a structural change the results are biased toward accepting a unit root. Therefore, special care must be t
Understanding the origins of biodiversity has been an aspiration since the days of early naturalists. The immense complexity of ecological, evolutionary, and spatial processes, however, has made this goal elusive to this day. Computer models serve progress in many scientific fields, but in the fields of macroecology and macroevolution, eco-evolutionary models are comparatively less developed. We p
A promise of genomics in precision medicine is to provide individualized genetic risk predictions. Polygenic risk scores (PRS), computed by aggregating effects from many genomic variants, have been developed as a useful tool in complex disease research. However, the application of PRS as a tool for predicting an individual's disease susceptibility in a clinical setting is challenging because PRS t
The past years have seen the rise of genomic biobanks and mega-scale meta-analysis of genomic data, which promises to reveal the genetic underpinnings of health and disease. However, the over-representation of Europeans in genomic studies not only limits the global understanding of disease risk but also inhibits viable research into the genomic differences between carriers and patients. Whilst the
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, progressive neurological condition that impacts daily life and reduces life satisfaction (LS). To achieve and maintain high LS, persons with PD (PwPD) must go through a process of change to adapt to their new life situation. However, our knowledge about this process is very limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of change, and the main
In many Gram-positive bacteria, the redox-sensing transcriptional repressor Rex controls central carbon and energy metabolism by sensing the intra cellular balance between the reduced and oxidized forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; the NADH/NAD+ ratio. Here, we report high-resolution crystal structures and characterization of a Rex ortholog (Gbs1167) in the opportunistic pathogen, Strepto
Translation termination in eukaryotes is governed by the concerted action of eRF1 and eRF3 factors. eRF1 recognizes the stop codon in the A site of the ribosome and promotes nascent peptide chain release, and the GTPase eRF3 facilitates this peptide release via its interaction with eRF1. In addition to its role in termination, eRF3 is involved in normal and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay through its
Purpose: Institutional and commercial web profiles that provide biobibliographic information about researchers are used for promotional purposes but also as information sources. In the latter case, the profiles' (re)presentations of researchers may be used to assess whether a researcher can be trusted. The article introduces a conceptual framework of how trust in researchers may be formed based on
Background: Functional head impulse test (fHIT) tests the ability of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to allow visual perception during head movements. Our previous study showed that active head movements to the side with a vestibular lesion generated a dynamic visual performance that were as good as during movements to the intact side. Objective: To examine the differences in eye position during
BACKGROUND: To describe visual field (VF) outcome in three adolescents with damage to the optic radiation and to focus on mechanisms that may compensate the practical functional limitations of VF defects.DESIGN: Descriptive, prospective multi-case study in a hospital setting.PARTICIPANTS: Three teenagers with cerebral visual dysfunction because of damage to the retro-geniculate visual pathways.MET
Efter att ha dominerat angloamerikansk filosofi under 1800-talets sista decennier kom idealismen att förlora sin ställning efter sekelskiftet, då övergången från viktorianska till modernistiska ideal, snabba sociala förändringar, ökad sekularisering och naturvetenskapens dominans tycktes kräva nytt filosofiskt tänkande. Vid andra världskrigets utbrott var idealismen utdöd och ersatt av den analytiAfter having dominated philosophical thought in Britain and the United States during the end of the nineteenth century, idealism was in steady decline by the outbreak of World War I. Its ideas and ideals seemed unsuited to face the transition from Victorianism to modernism and the rapid social changes of the post-war era. Its Anglo-American proponents—who were often liberals—were accused of indire
Nanoparticles in a biological fluid (plasma, or otherwise) associate with a range of biopolymers, especially proteins, organized into the “protein corona” that is associated with the nanoparticle and continuously exchanging with the proteins in the environment. Methodologies to determine the corona and to understand its dependence on nanomaterial properties are likely to become important in bionan
Anomaly detection is the process of identifying unexpected data samples in datasets. Automated anomaly detection is either performed using supervised machine learning models, which require a labelled dataset for their calibration, or unsupervised models, which do not require labels. While academic research has produced a vast array of tools and machine learning models for automated anomaly detecti
Advanced therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) constitute a broad range of treatments, each presenting specific ethical challenges. Some of these therapies are established and in clinical use, like device-aided therapies, and others, based on advanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs), are still in early stage of clinical trials. This paper focuses on some common ethical issues arising in th
Assignment of the G3m(g) and (b) correlative amino acid residues was performed at the genomic level by direct sequencing of DNA from nine Caucasian individuals. Two oligonucleotide primers were used for subclass-specific enzymatic amplification of a DNA segment comprising a major portion of the second and third constant region domains (CH2 and CH3) fo the human IgG3 heavy chain gene. Comparison of
AimIntraoperative rectal washout is performed to eliminate exfoliated intraluminal cancer cells and thereby decrease the risk of local recurrence. Rectal washout in abdominoperineal resection has not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the oncological outcome after rectal washout in abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer and to find evidence as to whether rectal washout should
Background: Community services for Swedish people with intellectual disability (ID) are intended to support self-determination and integrity. Legislation does not allow the use of restrictive or coercive measures. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the extent of, rationale for, and strategies staff believe would reduce the use of restrictive measures in group homes and daily activities serv
To limit global warming to 1.5°C, fossil fuel use must rapidly decline, but historical precedents for such large-scale transitions are lacking. Here we identify 147 historical episodes and policy pledges of fossil fuel decline in 105 countries and global regions between 1960 and 2018. We analyze 43 cases in larger systems most relevant to climate scenarios. One-half of 1.5°C-compatible scenarios e
NTRU is a lattice-based public-key cryptosystem that has been selected as one of the Round III finalists at the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization. Compressing the key sizes to increase efficiency has been a long-standing open question for lattice-based cryptosystems. In this paper we provide a solution to three seemingly opposite demands for NTRU cryptosystem: compress the key size, i
Background: Nail psoriasis (NP) is common and of high importance in patients with psoriasis. Complete resolution of NP at week 24‒26 is an unambiguous nail outcome accessible for indirect treatment comparison of biologics. Objective: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of approved biologics in achieving complete resolution of NP at week 24‒26. Methods: A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted
