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Thermal-optical analysis is a conventional method for determining the carbonaceous aerosol fraction and for classifying it into organic carbon, OC, and elemental carbon, EC. Unfortunately, the different thermal evolution protocols in use can result in a wide elemental carbon-to-total carbon variation by up to a factor of five. In Europe, there is currently no standard procedure for determining the
OBJECTIVE: The concordance index (c-index) is the standard way of evaluating the performance of prognostic models in the presence of censored data. Constructing prognostic models using artificial neural networks (ANNs) is commonly done by training on error functions which are modified versions of the c-index. Our objective was to demonstrate the capability of training directly on the c-index and t
The aim of this study was to validate the Edholm scale (Edholm, 1966) and the ISO 8996 standard (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1990) by comparing the metabolic rates estimated for both methods with the actual measured metabolic rate (MMeas) in 6 manual material handling tasks simulated under laboratory conditions. The metabolic rate was calculated from oxygen consumption VO
Objective – The role of the academic librarian has become increasingly educative in nature. In this study, the critical friend method was introduced among teaching librarians in an academic setting of medicine and health sciences to ascertain whether this approach could be implemented for feedback on teaching of these librarians as part of their professional development. Methods – We used a singl
The article presents an analysis of boundary work within the context of care for the elderly, where violence appears to be widespread though still relatively unacknowledged. By resorting to certain descriptive – often jocular – modes, the staff designate aggressive acts committed by patients as 'non-violent'. This occurs although intent, responsibility, and injury – all common criteria associated
Aims: To assess lung function at early school age in children delivered at very early gestation owing to intrauterine growth restriction and abnormal foetal blood flow (IUGR). Methods: Spirometry was performed at median age 8.4 (range 6.5-10.7) years in 31 children born preterm with IUGR (PT-IUGR) with a median (range) birth weight (BW) of 650 (395-976) g and median (range) gestational age 27 (24
Semiconductor double quantum dots (DQD) coupled to superconducting microwave resonators offer a promising platform for the detection of single microwave photons. In previous works, the photodetection was studied for a monochromatic source of microwave photons. Here, we theoretically analyze the photodetection of single microwave pulses. The photodetection in this case can be seen as a nonlinear fi
Industry 4.0 concepts have recently significantly supported transparency and reliability in every industrial sector. Organizations must adapt their traditional paradigms and approaches to align with market demands. Hence, developing a framework that can change these conventional approaches with fresh ideas is essential. The Industry 4.0 (I4.0) readiness model presents a creative concept that holds
Democracy festivals are events that aim to strengthen democracy by engaging citizens, politicians and organisations in dialogue and provide a more equal access to the agenda. In recent years, social media have become important arenas for agenda building, supposedly equalising the access to such processes. This article uncovers patterns of activity and visibility in agenda building through an actor
Around midnight of 9 January 1959, the Vega de Tera dam broke, releasing nearly 8 million cubic metres of water that destroyed the Spanish town of Ribadelago, killing 144 people. To this day, it remains the worst dam-related failure of the past two centuries of Spanish history. In this chapter we expand the time frame of the disaster, moving from a one-day narrative to focus on the processes of re
BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus. The diagnosis involves clinical suspicion based on history details and results of high-resolution manometry (HRM) as recommended by the Chicago classification (CCv4.0). Interpreting data obtained through HRM can be complex especially for the novice user.METHODS: We propose therefore a color-based algorithm involving the "reversed
One of the main challenges as the market for fully commercial electrified vehicles quickly expands is predicting the electromagnetic interference (EMI) in traction voltage systems (TVSs) in differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM). The number of subsystems connected to vehicle TVSs is increasing, and thus, so are the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. These requirements should ma
Occupancy is one of the primary contributors to the energy performance gap, defined as the difference between actual and predicted energy usage, in buildings. This paper limits its scope to residential buildings, where occupant-centric consumption often goes unaccounted for in standard energy metrics. This paper starts from the hypothesis that a simple occupant energy efficiency label is needed to
Aim of the review: To provide an overview of studies that have published dataregarding region and population size, procedure location, team composition, inclusionand exclusion criteria, outcome parameters, and cost–benefit analyses onextracorporeal membrane oxygenation use for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Data sources: A structured systematic literature search of articles published pr
AI cancer detection models require calibration to attain the desired balance between cancer detection rate (CDR) and false positive rate. In this study, we simulate the impact of six types of mismatches between the calibration population and the clinical target population, by creating purposefully non-representative datasets to calibrate AI for clinical settings. Mismatching the acquisition year b
