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According to the Global Burden of Disease study, occupational exposures to particulates, gases and fumes were responsible for 0.36 million deaths and 8.8 million disability-adjusted life years globally in 2015. This thesis focuses on two occupational groups that are at risk for developing adverse health effects from the time they spend in their working environments: cleaning workers and workers in
OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of over-diagnosing and over-treating prostate cancer if population-based screening with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is instituted. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From a serum bank stored in 1980, PSA was analysed in 658 men with no previously known prostate cancer from a well-defined cohort from Goteborg, Sweden (men born in 1913); the incidence of clinical prostate
BACKGROUND: Although the association between cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat length and age at onset of Huntington's disease is well known, improved prediction of onset would be advantageous for clinical trial design and prognostic counselling. We compared various measures for tracking progression and predicting conversion to manifest Huntington's disease.METHODS: In this prospective observa
We report 43 novel genes in the water flea Daphnia pulex encoding 73 predicted neuropeptide and protein hormones as partly confirmed by RT-PCR. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified 40 neuropeptides by mass matches and 30 neuropeptides by fragmentation sequencing. Single genes encode adipokinetic hormone, allatostatin-A, allatostatin-B, allatotropin, Ala(7)-CCAP, CCHamide, Arg(7)-corazonin, DENam
The shear plate dowel joint (SPDJ) is a novel connection design for use in heavy timber structures. Load transfer between timber members is enabled using a single large diameter dowel and externally glued steel plates. The steel plates are glued to the timber using bond lines of low stiffness and high fracture energy to achieve a uniform shear stress distribution, thus maximizing the load carrying
Background: Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neural factor (BDNF) are important for brain function and detectable in the blood. This study explored the longitudinal associations of physical activity and body fat with serum NGF and BDNF in children. Methods: Two waves of measurements were performed 2 years apart in 8- to 11-year-old children, including physical activity using the ActiGra
Rapeseed press cake (RPC), the by-product of rapeseed oil production, contains proteins with emulsifying properties, which can be used in food applications. Proteins from industrially produced RPC were extracted at pH 10.5 and precipitated at pH 3 (RPP3) and 6.5 (RPP6.5). Emulsions were formulated at three different pHs (pH 3, 4.5, and 6) with soy lecithin as control, and were stored for six month
Pregnancy is a valuable model to study the association between DNA methylation and several cardiometabolic traits, due to its direct potential to influence mother's and child's health. Epigenetics in Pregnancy (EPIPREG) is a population-based sample with the aim to study associations between DNA-methylation in pregnancy and cardiometabolic traits in South Asian and European pregnant women and their
The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is home to a large community of microorganisms that contribute to human health. Delivering live bacteria to the gut for therapeutic purposes can thus be highly beneficial. However, delivering live biotherapeutic products or probiotic bacteria to the GIT presents challenges because the cells must remain viable during production, storage, and administration. En
Objectives Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) run lower risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA, aortic diameter ≥ 30 mm) and its complications. We aimed to evaluate associations between disturbances in glucose metabolism and arterial stiffness, AAA, and abdominal aortic diameter in 65-year-old men. Methods Forty-eight 65-year-old men with screening-detected AAA and 115 men with normal ab
In celiac disease, intestinal transglutaminase (TG2) produces immunogenic peptides by deamidation of gluten proteins. These products drive the celiac immune response. We have previously identified an interaction between gliadin and a food additive, E304i, which prevents gliadin processing (both deamidation and transamidation) by TG2, in vitro. In this study, we investigated if E304i could prevent
Loess provides a valuable terrestrial record of past environmental conditions, including the dynamics and trajectories of air mass circulation responsible for dust transport. Here we explore variations in the luminescence sensitivity characteristics of sedimentary quartz and feldspar as possible tools for identifying changes in source down a loess-palaeosol sequence (LPS). Luminescence sensitivity
The capability of the antibody (Ab) repertoire to mount a response to appropriate epitopes on infectious agents will strongly affect the ability of the immune system to provide protection against disease. Certain epitopes may be poor inducers of immunity but are nevertheless able to promote biologically important protection when recognized by the immune repertoire. We have investigated the recogni
BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines seldom provide in depth information about the most suitable type and intensity of exercise to obtain optimal benefit in different subgroups of T2D individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of group exercise training on exercise capacity, insulin sensitivity and HbA1c in women with diabetes. METHODS: Twenty-two women with T2D participated in a supe
The structure, biosynthesis, and metabolism of proteoglycans in the HL-60 human promyelocytes were studied by metabolic labeling in culture with [35S]sulfate, [3H]glucosamine, [3H]serine, and [3H]leucine. These cells synthesize a single predominant species of intracellular proteoglycan with an approximate molecular weight of 100,000. The cells contain about 1 μg of proteoglycan/million cells. The
The preferred treatment of choice in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is usually transurethral resection followed by cystectomy, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy being a second option. As the treatment is associated with relevant side effects, a great effort is being made to improve the selection of patients, with molecular subtyping being one of the main strategies. Our aim was to develop an im
Enzyme-responsive hydrogels, formed by step growth photopolymerization of biscysteine peptide linkers with alkene functionalized polyethylene glycol, provide interesting opportunities as biomaterials and drug delivery systems. In this study, we developed stimuli-responsive, specific, and cytocompatible hydrogels for delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease
The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted ≲105 stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (Teff ∼ 30 000-52 000 K) all the way to K
This study analyzes the thermal performance of an indirect-type solar dryer incorporated with a heat exchanger to recover heat from the exhaust. Data were recorded for 8 h from 9:00 to 17:00 from November to January to determine the drying rate for varying airflows from 2 l/s to 12 l/s under the weather conditions of Nepal and Bhutan. The air temperatures in multiple locations in the dryer were re
Till följd av de rådande klimatutmaningarna har intresset för miljö- och klimatfrågor ökat i samhället. Konsumenter, näringsidkare och internationella organisationer strävar alla efter att bidra till den gröna omställningen. Särskilt konsumenterna efterfrågar miljömässigt hållbara produkter, vilket har lett till att många näringsidkare använder miljöpåståenden i sin marknadsföring. Dessa påståendeAs a result of the ongoing climate challenges, interest in environmental and climate issues has increased across society. Consumers, businesses, and international organizations are all striving to contribute to the green transition. In particular, consumers are demanding sustainable products, prompting many businesses to use environmental claims in their marketing. However, such claims are often v
