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Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a virus infecting over 90 % of the population. It causes latent infections in nerve cells and can upon reactivation travel along the neurons and cause lytic infections with painful blisters as a result. HSV-1 infects multiple cell types, fibroblasts and T-cells among others. During infection HSV-1 is known to downregulate the transcription of many of the gene
Vegetation on land is globally taking up about 30% of the CO2 that is emitted by human activities (oceans take up 30%, while 40% remains in the atmosphere). This ability to store carbon in the vegetation and in the soil is very important to mitigate the climate changes, but all land based ecosystems are not carbon sinks. Ecosystems that are losing carbon needs to be further investigated, so we can
Tetra Pak is continuously working to increase the efficiency of the whole organisation. There is currently a general demand to improve by 20%. The number is not to be taken literately since efficiency is not defined nor is it specified how it should be measured. At Tetra Top the interpretation is that it is important to focus on efficiency and that it is up to individuals how and when it can be at
Issue of study: The plastic injection moulding industry has become highly competitive in terms of lead times and pricing, following an increase in low-cost manufacturing from Asia, as a part of the full supply chain. To remain competitive, mould tool manufacturers are looking to complement new tool manufacturing with local after-sales services in countries where their mould tools are being used. U
As the consumption of energy increase in today’s world, the need for new fuel sources is of central importance. In order to be considered viable in the long run, the new energy sources must provide high efficiency and low environmental impact. The search for alternative fuels and energy extraction methods have become increasingly focused on finding ways to mimic systems found within nature. Oxidor
Popular Abstract in Swedish Hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar är idag den vanligaste dödsorsaken i stora delar av världen för både män och kvinnor. I Sverige är hjärtinfarkt den vanligaste dödsorsaken för kvinnor över 55 år och för män över 45 år. Det vill säga kvinnor drabbas cirka 10 år senare. Tidigare forskning har baserats i huvudsak på män varvid forskning på kvinnor med hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar har Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the sleading cause of mortality in men and women in Western society. Few studies of CHD have been performed on women or with a focus on cardiac risk factors in women’s lives. Results from studies of men have been generalized to women, which may be inappropriate or even dangerous. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe women’s experience of a
We have measured the uptake capacity of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) from different soil depths by injecting N-15 and caesium (Cs; as an analogue to K) at 5 and 50 cm soil depth and analysing the recovery of these markers in foliage and buds. The study was performed in monocultures of 40-year-old pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.
Understanding the mechanisms of complex polygenic diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) is as complex as their nature. Cellular processes involved in glucose homeostasis need high and reliable energy supply. Mitochondria are the major energy producers in mammalian cells. Since majority of the mitochondrial genes are encoded by the nuclear genome, a tightly regulated and coordinated nuclear-mitochond
Oslo has until now been divided into the west and east, separated by categories of economic and social class as well as a physical barrier, the river, Akerselva. The west predominantly represents people of middle to upper class, whereas the east represents the middle to lower class people. This division has been formed throughout history, as the river that separates Oslo has been home to industry,
A section of the Swedish library act stipulates that libraries are to pay specific attention to people with disability. Exhaustion syndrome is a mental disability that in recent years has started to grow rapidly in numbers. This master thesis is mainly aiming to study whether public libraries are welcoming and functional places for people with exhaustion syndrome but it also has a wider scope stud
People’s ability to learn holds a promise for sustainability as learning is seen to enable change; yet, the prevalence of norms and values in society that reinforce unsustainability may severely challenge this process. The debate on what role learning can play is centered around the question whether people can learn from others and if so, how to enhance it. More precisely, who has to learn what fr
“There is no tool for development more effective than the empowerment of women,” Kofi Annan (UN News Center, 2005). The empowerment of women takes different forms such as pursuit of education, participation in political activities and representation in leadership, equal employment opportunities and wages, access to health care and ability to make decisions on personal reproductive health, economic
Sex chromosome evolution is a fascinating research topic because sex chromosomes provide a snapshot of evolution in many different lineages. Sex chromosomes often cease to recombine and therefore degenerate, and have also often been reshuffled during their evolution from autosomes. It has been discovered that within Sylvioidea passerine species half of chromosome 4a has translocated and fused with
The recent 2019 COVID pandemic elucidated the tremendous effects a viral outbreak can have on the societies of the world with almost 7 million cumulative deaths worldwide. It is therefore of high importance to prepare preventative measures to aid the handling of emerging viral threats before a new pandemic is realized. One of the more prevalent and rapidly spreading viruses today are the Dengue vi
I Sverige överlever idag uppemot 80% av de barnen som är födda extremt för tidigt (födda innan graviditetsvecka 28). Dock medföljer en hög sjuklighet, där uppemot 20% av barnen utvecklar olika sjukdomstillstånd såsom blödning i hjärnas hålrum, även kallat intra-ventrikulär hjärnblödning (IVH). Dessutom löper de extremt för tidigt födda barnen en ökad risk att utveckla en intellektuell och neurologExtremely preterm infants (i.e., born below 28 gestational weeks), are at high risk of developing brain morbidities including intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and neurodevelopmental impairment. Despite over 50 years of research, there is currently no effective therapy available for preventing IVH. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a pivotal role in perinatal development. Extremely preter
Changes in the geometry of ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are crucial in controlling past changes of climate and the carbon inventory of the atmosphere. However, the accurate timing and global correlation of short-term glacial-to-deglacial changes of MOC in different ocean basins still present a major challenge. The fine structure of jumps and plateaus in atmospheric and planktic r
BACKGROUND: In mitral valve dysfunction, noninvasive measurement of transmitral blood flow is an important clinical examination. Flow imaging of the mitral valve, however, is challenging, since it moves in and out of the image plane during the cardiac cycle.PURPOSE: To more accurately measure mitral flow, a slice-following MRI phase contrast sequence is proposed. This study aimed to implement such
Two crystallized [FeFe] hydrogenase model complexes, 1 = (μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)2(PMe3)]2 (pdt = SC1H 2C2H2C3H2S), and their bridging-hydride (Hy) derivative, [1Hy]+ = [(μ-H)(μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)2 (PMe 3)]2]+ (BF4-), were studied by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy, supported by density functional theory. Structural changes in [1Hy]+ compared to 1 involved small bond elongations (<0.03 Å) and
Objective: Epidemiological studies have found air pollution to be a driver of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes, low term birth weight and preeclampsia. It is unknown what biological mechanisms are involved in this process. A first trimester trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) was exposed to various concentrations of PM2.5 (PM2.5) in order to elucidate the effect of urban
