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Steady-state laminar natural convection of Cu and TiO2 nanofluids inside different enclosures is numerically investigated. Natural convection is concerned due to a temperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces. The Boussinesq approximation is used to form the governing equations and the commercial software package ANSYS FLUENT version 14.0 is used to numerically solve the governing equa
This paper considers the potential inflation effects of a global carbon price on consumer prices, investment prices, export prices, and import prices. We estimate the effects under three different scenarios. The results clearly indicate that the inflation effects in developed countries of a 100 USD/ton carbon price are small. For developing countries, the inflation effect is larger and potentially
European managed grasslands are amongst the most productive in the world. Besides temperature and the amount and timing of precipitation, grass production is also highly controlled by applications of nitrogen fertilizers and land management to sustain a high productivity. Since management characteristics of pastures vary greatly across Europe, land-use intensity and their projections are critical
This paper studies the Clash of Civilizations hypothesis from an economic perspective. Using data on bilateral trade and measures of culture, we evaluate how the impact of cultural differences on trade evolves over time during and after the Cold War. Evidence suggests that the negative influence of cultural differences on trade is more prominent in the post-Cold War era than during the Cold War. F
Tuning of protein surface charge is a fundamental mechanism in biological systems. Protein charge is regulated in a physiological context by pH and interaction with counterions. We report on charge inversion and the related reentrant condensation in solutions of globular proteins with different multivalent metal cations. In particular, we focus on the changes in phase behavior and charge regulatio
Background Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), an inflammatory enzyme expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, is a therapeutic target being assessed in trials of vascular disease prevention. We investigated associations of circulating Lp-PLA2 mass and activity with risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality under different circumstances. Methods With use of individual recor
Production of nitric oxide through the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been detected in the islets of Langerhans. The inducible isoform of NOS (iNOS) is induced by cytokines and might contribute to the development of type-1 diabetes, while the constitutive isoform (cNOS) is thought to be implicated in the physiological regulation of insulin secretion. In the present study we have detecte
We are constantly exposed to infectious diseases, and they cause millions of deaths per year. TheWorld Health Organization (WHO) estimates that antibiotic resistance could cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are the cause of infection in at least one in three people suffering from septicemia. While antibiotics are powerful agents against infectious diseases, the
High-spin states in the Br73 nucleus have been populated via the Cr50(Si28,αp)Br73 fusion evaporation reaction with a beam energy of 90 MeV. The deexciting gamma rays were detected using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA). Using the γ-γ coincidence technique, two new bands and eight new interconnecting transitions have been added. The strong interconnecting E1 transitions, between positive and
Laminar burning velocities of ethanol-water-air mixtures have been determined using the heat flux method. Aqueous ethanol contained 0–40% of water by mole fraction. Laminar premixed flat flames were stabilized on a perforated burner under adiabatic conditions for the equivalence ratio range from 0.7 to 1.4. Burning velocity measurements were performed for the initial gas temperature of 358 K and a
Vertical III-V nanowire MOSFETs are interesting candidates for future digital and analog applications. High electron velocity III-V materials allow fabrication of low power and high frequency MOSFETs. Vertical vapor-liquid-solid growth enables fabrication of axial and radial heterostructure nanowires. This enables fabrication of novel structures where the band-gap can be engineered in the electron
Observations of vegetation phenology at regional-to-global scales provide important information regarding seasonal variation in the fluxes of energy, carbon, and water between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Numerous algorithms have been developed to estimate phenological transition dates using time series of remotely sensed spectral vegetation indices. A key challenge, however, is that differen
