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During recent years, there has been a growing awareness that a better understanding of human activities and the behavioural components of environmental problems is needed. This volume brings together psychologists, philosophers, sociologists, historians of technology and economics, and management experts to identify and examine the rules and motives that govern the environmental behaviour of indiv
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett material som utsätts för varierande last, även under gränslasten för statisk kollaps, riskerar att utveckla sprickor som i sin tur kan orsaka brott. Denna typ av materialnedbrytning kallas utmattning och är ett ständigt aktuellt forskningsområde. Väldigt korta sprickor är kända för att växa på ett sätt som avviker från hur längre utmattningssprickor beter sig, ävenThe growth of short fatigue cracks deviates from the behaviour of long fatigue cracks even if subjected to the same nominal driving force. The influence from the microstructure is pronounced, while crack closure effects may not be that important as for longer cracks. The objective of this thesis is to study the local conditions for crack growth for two different short crack problems, and to develo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ansamlingen av avfall i soptippar skapar miljöproblem då mikrobiell nedbrytning av lättnedbrytbart avfall ger upphov till växthusgaser (metangas och koldioxid). Dessutom bildas förorenade lakvatten på grund av att regnvatten tränger igenom deponin. Lakvattnet innehåller ofta höga halter av ammoniumjoner samt organiska ämnen. Ammoniumjonen är en giftig förening som ger aAbstract The efficiency of different leachate treatment methods for the removal of refractory organic compounds and ammonium-nitrogen was investigated. The methods evaluated were nitrification, denitrification, adsorption onto activated carbon, precipitation by ferric chloride or aluminum sulphate and oxidation by ozone or Fenton´s reagent. Furthermore, analyses were performed on leachates from mu
The published papers and introductory part of this thesis concentrate on the in-situ characterization of (001) surfaces of GaAs, InAs, InP and GaP. The experimental tools used in these studies were a chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) machine equipped with a reflection high energy electron (RHEED) system and a reflectance difference (RD) optical set-up. In some studies also a reflectance difference spect
There is a continuing tendency to apply many of the powerful results of modern control theory to various industrial processes. Power systems have been indicated as one area where significant progress can be expected. Practically all results of modern control theory require that models of the processes in terms of state equations are available. The need to obtain such models has been a strong motiv
The Ph.D. project concerns itself with curatorial practice, its constituent modalities and potentialities. It consists of both a practical and a theoretical part. These are not separate entities, but immersed in each other. The point of departure is my own practice, but making claims for a general analysis of the politics of exhibition-making. Rather than proving or disproving certain proposition,
Providing invaluable information for both graduate researchers and R & D engineers in industry and consultancy, this book focuses on the modeling and simulation of fluid flow and thermal transport phenomena in turbulent convective flows. Its overall objective is to present state-of-the-art knowledge in order to predict turbulent heat transfer processes in fundamental and idealized flows as wel
We have investigated the oxidation/reduction behaviour of dome-shaped three-dimensional islands of Ge on Si(001) grown by UHV-CVD at 620°C. The oxidation was done by exposing the surfaces to a steam of H2O in N2. The reduction was done in H2, which at T<800 °C selectively reduces GeO2 only. The results of the oxidation/reduction processes under varying c
A large part of New Testament and Early Christian Literature deals with practical advice on how a Christian ought to live. The form as well as the content of this teaching is closely related to Classical literary traditions and the ethos of Greek philosophies. In the article, which ends a large volume from a Nordic project on Paraenesis, some of the most important early monastic texts are studied
In a small perception study, our ability to estimate speaker age from speech samples was investigated with respect to stimulus duration, stimulus type and speaker gender. Four separate listening tests were carried out with four different sets of stimuli: 10 and 3 seconds of spontaneous speech, one isolated word, and 6 concatenated isolated words, all produced by the same 24 speakers. The results s
Popular Abstract in Swedish Alla levande organismer behöver kväve för att producera till exempel proteiner och DNA. I jorden förekommer kväve grovt indelat i två huvudformer, organiskt och oorganiskt. Mikroorganismer har förmågan att bryta ner det organiska kvävet till oorganiskt i en process som kallas för mineralisering. Växter tar i stort sett bara upp oorganiskt kväve och är beroende av den miMicroorganisms in forest ecosystems normally recycle nitrogen (N), such that gaseous losses and leaching are limited. Mobilization of organic N, including microbial N, and immobilization of inorganic N, especially NH4+, are the quantitatively most important N transformation processes. Various factors influence their rates, e.g. the amount of carbon and nitrogen, temperature, moisture, and the micr
