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The uncertainties and sources of variation in projected impacts of climate change on agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems depend not only on the emission scenarios and climate models used for projecting future climates, but also on the impact models used, and the local soil and climatic conditions of the managed or unmanaged ecosystems under study. We addressed these uncertainties by applying di
Thirty-three Lactobacillus strains were tested as adjuncts in a cheese model system. Eighteen strains originated from cheese (nine Lactobacillus spp. and nine Lb. paracasei/casei) and 15 from human intestinal mucosa (11 Lb. rhamnosus; three Lb. paracasei; one Lb. plantarum). Model cheeses weighing 120 g were made of cheese grains from full-scale production of washed curd semi-hard cheese (Herrgard
In this paper, the effect of two polysaccharides (chitosan and dextran) on latex film morphology and porosity is investigated with atomic force microscopy, and the water permeability of the films is examined as well. Furthermore, latex films formed with mixtures of dextran and poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, are investigated.
Aim This paper presents a probabilistic method of pollen spectra analysis. The method relies on a pollen taxon characterization using biotic and abiotic plant attribute modes, and their occurrence in a given pollen spectrum at a specific site. This type of analysis can provide an interpretation, which can lead to the reconstruction of the biome and, to an extent, of the abiotic conditions at the s
Differential scanning calorimetry studies are presented dealing with the influence of gamma irradiation (carried out in the solid state) on the structure of amylose–lipid complex in wheat starch. Suspensions of the control and the wheat starch irradiated with a 30 kGy gamma rays (characterised by starch-to-water ratio of 1:1 and ca. 1:4) were examined during several courses of heating and cooling
Plant ecologists have placed increasing emphasis on a functional understanding of vegetation. One way to gain insight into the assemblage of vegetation communities is to investigate plant trait responses to environmental gradients or experimental treatments. We present simulations of responses of suites of traits to treatments differing in soil resources and disturbance intensity, in order to cons
The effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and climate on net carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States for the period 1895-1993 were modeled with new, detailed historical climate information. For the period 1980-1993, results from an ensemble of three models agree within 25%, simulating a land carbon sink from CO2 and climate effects of 0.08 gigaton of carbon
Aim This paper presents a probabilistic method for the characterization of pollen taxa using attributes, and for the reconstitution of past biomes. The probabilities are calculated on the basis of European floristic and pollen databases sufficiently large and exhaustive to provide robust estimates. Location The analysis is based on data from approximately 1000 sites throughout Europe. Method We us
The effect of mixing time on wheat protein composition and gluten formation was studied for three commercial flour mixtures (biscuit, standard and strong) and one durum flour. Ultracentrifugation was used to separate the fresh, wet gluten from the wheat-flour dough immediately after mixing. Small deformation dynamic theological measurements and RP- and SE-HPLC were used to determine the characteri
Changes in the composition of carrot cell wall proteins were investigated, associating metabolic changes during long-term storage with changes in mechanical properties. Harvested carrots accumulate an antifreezing protein in their cell walls reaching a maximum level after 12 weeks of storage at 0°C, followed by a gradual decrease. During the same period of time, there is a decrease in the slicing
Bark lesions on beech are mostly caused by frost damage and/or insect and fungal infections. Liming, treatment with wood ash and N-fertilization were hypothesised to affect this type of damage. The frost sensitivity was measured as an index of injury, calculated from electrolytic leakage of bark samples. Samples were taken from the same trees in August and November at five sites. Two sites had bee
The effect of postharvest long-term storage and pre-treatments on the mass transfer rates during osmotic dehydration of carrots was investigated. Four blanching times were used and the carrots were sampled during 12 weeks of storage. Cell vitality was measured by isothermal calorimetry on cores taken from blanched slices. During the storage period, effective diffusion coefficients for water and su
Detailed information from the Swedish National Forest Inventory was used to simulate the carbon balance for Sweden by the process-based model Biome-BGC. A few shortcomings of the model were identified and solutions to those are proposed and also used in the simulations. The model was calibrated against CO2 flux data from 3 forests in central Sweden and then applied to the whole country divided int
BACKGROUND: Dietary factors are thought to have an important role in gastric and esophageal carcinogenesis, but evidence from cohort studies for such a role is lacking. We examined the risks of gastric cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with meat consumption within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS: A total of 521,457 men and women
The adsorption of whey proteins on modified and unmodified 316 2R stainless steel surfaces was studied by in situ ellipsometry under well-defined flow conditions. The effects of bulk properties, e.g. temperature, pH, protein concentration and flow rate as well as surface modification by ion implantation, sputtering, chemical vapour deposition and silica sol-gel deposition, were investigated. The s
Fifteen years after the heavy storm "Vivian", it is still not clear how succession in subalpine forests that were affected by the storm will continue and when regrowing forests will provide effective protection from natural hazards such as avalanches. We used a simulation model to evaluate forest succession, forest structure and the protective effect in subalpine blowdown areas after 50 simulation
Human skin fibroblasts in different growth states were incubated with [3H]glucosamine and/or Na(2)35SO4 and extracted with Triton X-100 for various periods of time. Free heparan-sulphate oligosaccharides and protein-bound heparan-sulphate chains were separated by chromatography on octyl-Sepharose and analyzed. A pool of endogenously produced oligosaccharides, present in the cultured cells and isol
The potential for pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) of Ephestia kuehniella (Walker) and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was investigated in two flour mills and a pet food distributor. Plastic sachets emitting 2–3 mg per d ( Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, the major pheromone component of both moth species, were used as MD dispensers, which were applied in grid syst
