Filtyp
Gastroparesis, characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction, is a recognized complication of long-standing diabetes. Its pathophysiology involves, amongst other mechanisms, autonomic dysfunction due to vagal nerve damage, impaired smooth muscle contractility, and hormonal dysregulation of intestinal motility. During Ramadan, fasting causes significant dietary changes du
A supercritical fluid extraction methodology was used to extract flavoring and bioactive compounds from truffles. Some parameters such as CO2 flow rate (1–3 mg/mL), extraction time (15–90 min) and different trapping food matrices (grape seed oil, gelatin, agar agar and water) were optimized using response surface methodology to enhance extraction and trapping yields. The optimal conditions (2.27 m
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from various medicinal plants, emerges as a potential therapeutic agent against diverse human diseases. It has particularly shown notable anticancer efficacy against breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, and liver cancer. Berberine results in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppressing angiogenesis, positioning it as a
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a perplexing condition in women characterized by cessation of oocyte production in the ovaries. Despite numerous proposed causes for the development of POF, the actual cause of the most POF cases remains unknown. Given that POF significantly affects fertility and is a devastating diagnosis for women, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapies ai
Background: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are commonly applied to promote muscle protein synthesis. However, the effects of BCAAs on exercise-induced substrate metabolism, performance and post-exercise fatigue during endurance exercise remain unclear. Methods: In a double-blind cross-over design, eleven active males completed 1 h of constant load exercise (CLE
Epigenetic mechanisms control gene activity and the development of an organism. The epigenome includes DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-mediated processes, and disruption of this balance may cause several pathologies and contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This Review summarizes epigenetic signatures obtained from human tissues of relevance for metabolism—i.e., adipose
Despite being the leading cause of death worldwide, cancer still lacks precise biomarkers for effective targeting, limiting efforts to reduce mortality rates. This review explores the role and clinical significance of a newly identified long non-coding RNA, MYOSLID, in cancer progression. MYOSLID has emerged as a critical modulator in cancer progression by influencing key hallmarks such as prolife
Background: Given that metformin is the most common pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes, understanding the function of this drug is of great importance. Hepatic metformin transporters are responsible for the pharmacologic action of metformin. However, epigenetics in genes encoding metformin transporters has not been fully elucidated. We examined the DNA methylation of these genes in the li
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex polygenic disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors resulting in impaired insulin release from pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance in target tissues. The incidence of T2D is escalating and it is projected that over 640 million people will be affected by 2040. Therefore, it is imperative to understand molecular processes that cause T2D
Improved understanding of the disease mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes (T2D) is needed, and so are new treatments.A new T2D risk variant was recently identified in ADRA2A, which encodes the α2A-adrenergic receptor. The risk allele leads to receptor overexpression in β-cells that causes increased adrenergic signaling and impaired insulin secretion. We showed that the α2A-adrenergic receptor an
Aims/hypothesis: Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with dysfunctions of adipose tissue and metabolic disease in adult life. We hypothesised that altered epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) could play a role in programming adipose tissue dysfunction in LBW individuals. Methods: ADSCs were isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 13 normal birthw
We hypothesized that the relative contribution of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) versus postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) could be calculated using an algorithm developed by the A1c-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study group to make HbA1c values more clinically relevant to patients. The algorithm estimates average glucose (eAG) exposure, which can be used to calculate
An important link has been found between telomere deregulation and several age- related diseases, such as cancer and metabolic diseases (Sanders and Newman 2013, Rizvi et al. 2014). Short telomeres have been described in peripheral blood cells from patients with cancer, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and in obese individuals.
It has been long known that hyperglycaemia-induced β-cell dysfunction precipitates type 2 diabetes (T2D) in insulin-resistant obesity, although the underlying mechanisms are still poorly defined. The few frequently used antidiabetic drugs on the market have still not satisfactorily demonstrated any long-lasting improvements of β-cell function and prevention of the disease. Islets synthesise and se
Context In most cases of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), high molecular weight forms of insulin-like growth factor II, commonly referred to as big IGF-II, cause hypoglycemia. MicroRNA-483 (miR-483), encoded within an intron of IGF2, has been suggested to be coexpressed with IGF-II. Objective The aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility and reliability of circulating miR-483 as a
There is an urgent need for accurate and validated methods to measure plasma phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we compared the performance of new commercially available plasma p-Tau217 assay developed by ALZpath to other established p-Tau assays in an autopsy-confirmed sample. We included 72 participants from the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegen
Cytostatic pharmaceuticals are not completely removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and may affect aquatic ecosystems. Their quantification is challenging due to variations in wastewater characteristics, which influence analytical performance. An analytical procedure has been developed, based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, for th
The retinoblastoma gene (RB1), which is located on chromosome 13q14.2, is mutated in retinoblastoma (RB), the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children. About 8000 new cases of retinoblastoma are diagnosed globally each year, accounting for approximately 1 in 17,000 live births. RB is prototypically considered hereditary by nature as thirty to forty percent of cases have autosomal domina
Micropollutants in wastewater can persist through conventional treatment, threatening ecosystems and human health through toxicity, bioaccumulation, and disruption of biological processes. Limited monitoring, due to cost and methodological challenges, allows these compounds to go undetected, potentially leading to long-term, irreversible impacts. To address this, modern wastewater treatment plants
