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In this report we present an extension of the pooled analysis of the prognostic impact of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-I in breast cancer patients. We analyzed a different endpoint, metastasis-free survival (MFS). We checked the consistency of the estimates for uPA and PAI-I for relapse-free survival (RFS) and MFS exploring possible sources of heterogeneity. Nod

Variability in cover of five field layer species was recorded during ten consecutive years in thirty permanent plots within a south Swedish Carpinus betulus forest. The studied species were Oxalis acetosella, Lamium galeobdolon, Stellaria holostea, Hedera helix and Holcus mollis. We observed great interannual variability in cover percentage of all studied species with 76% out of all year-to-year d

The purpose of this paper is to ponder the reception of the Letter to the Galatians in an aural setting. How did the first recipients react, what can we expect that they remembered after having listened to the letter? Are there structural elements in the letter that would have aided the aural reception of the letter? In four readings, the investigation traces textual indicators of interaction and

Background: The regulation of wall stress in the abdominal aorta (AA) of humans might be of specific interest, because the AA is the most common site for aneurysm formation in which wall stress seems to be an important pathophysiological factor. We studied the age-related changes in wall stress of the AA in healthy subjects, with the common carotid artery (CCA) as a comparison. Methods. A total of

The effect of the simultaneous administration of norepinephrine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the uptake of radiolabelled 5-FU by liver tumours was studied in rats. Three different concentrations of 5-FU were used (15, 1.5 and 0.15 microgram/g body weight). The drugs were infused over a 30 min period via the hepatic artery, following cannulation of the gastroduodenal artery. The radioactivity in li

n this study we use the N-substituted benzamides declopramide (3-CPA) and N-acetyl declopramide (Na-3-CPA) to investigate the involvement of the transcription factor NF-κB in the induction of apoptosis and surface immunoglobulin κ (Igκ) expression in the mouse pre-B cell line 70Z/3. We first showed that 3-CPA-induced apoptosis at doses around 500 μM and that the 3-CPA-induced apoptosis could be su

Experimental 2D frequency resolved spectra showing the relaxation of excitons in the photosynthetic antenna system FMO are reproduced by a multi-exciton density matrix approach explicitly including the external fields. The interference of the polarizations of a number of randomly placed, rotated and energetically inhomogencous complexes is used to extract the signal in the phase matching direction

The flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. The environmental distribution of PBDEs is much less studied than that of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To compare the environmental fate of the PCBs with their partial substitute, the PBDEs, common frogs (Rana temporaria)were collected along a similar to1500-km-long latitudinal grad

The SI-mediated carotenoid to BChl a energy-transfer pathway and carotenoid radical formation have been studied using femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. A series of LH2 complexes (LH2 = light-harvesting complex 2) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides incorporating carotenoids neurosporene, spheroidene, and spheroidenone were used to explore the effect of conjugation length. The S

Alteration of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signalling pathway is important in pancreatic carcinogenesis, as shown by the frequent inactivation of the downstream target SMAD4. We recently analysed a series of pancreatic carcinoma cell lines with respect to alterations of five SMAD genes involved in TGFB signalling, and showed that SMAD4 was structurally rearranged in 42% of these. Thi

Using sticky traps baited with (2S, 3S, 7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecyl acetate, we assessed the seasonal and diurnal flight activity of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffrey), in Fayette, Madison, and Livingston counties in Kentucky. At each site, two replicates of individual sticky traps were baited and suspended about 1 m high and spaced at least 20 m apart. Trap catch was affec

1. During operative aorto-femoral vascular reconstructions on sixteen patients, the sympathetic chain was stimulated electrically between the L2 and L4 ganglia while blood flow was monitored by laser doppler flowmeters from the skin on the sole of the foot and the ankle and by an electromagnetic flowmeter from the deep femoral artery. Epidural anaesthesia to at least the T6 level was used which ex

We consider a family of differential equations that describes traveling waves in a reaction-diffusion equation modeling oxidation of carbon oxide on a platinum surface, near the onset of spatio-temporal chaos. The organizing bifurcation for the bifurcation structure with small carbon oxide pressures, turns out to be a codimension 3 bifurcation involving a homoclinic orbit to an equilibrium undergo

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar ekonomisk styrning i tjänsteproducerande organisationer med speciell tonvikt på användningen av ekonomisk information för fördelning av ansvar. Detta kopplas till en kontextuell referensram där produktionsprocessen i tjänsteverksamhet intar en central roll.This report examines the use of management control in services, with particular reference to the role of formal control systems in attributing and devolving responsibility within organizations. The study draws extensively on the service as well as the management control literature and advances an analytical framework based on a process-oriented approach to responsibility accounting. The study is p

The direction of carbon (C) allocation in mycorrhizal mycelia is of fundamental importance to coexistence of individual plants. We therefore investigated the transfer of C from established plants to plant seedlings through fungal mycelia. C allocation by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices, from 'donor' plants to mycelia in soil and two different species of introduced 'recei

Vanadate and peroxovanadate (pV), potent inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatases, mimic several of the metabolic actions of insulin. Here we compare the mechanisms for the anti-lipolytic action of insulin, vanadate and pV in rat adipocytes. Vanadate (5 mM) and pV (0.01 mM) inhibited lipolysis induced by 0.01-1 microM isoprenaline, vanadate being more and pV less efficient than insulin (1 nM). A loss o

The flow behavior in rib-roughened ducts is influenced by the inclination of ribs and the effect is investigated in the present study by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The local flow structures between two adjacent ribs were measured. The Reynolds number was fixed at 5800. The flow field description was based on the PIV results in planes both parallel and perpendicular to the ribbed walls at va