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The causes of death of transplanted neurons are not known in detail, but apoptotic mechanisms involving caspase activation are likely to play a role. We examined whether overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 may enhance the survival of dopaminergic [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive] grafted neurons. For this purpose, we prepared cells from embryonic day 13 ventral mesencephalo
Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) carry independent prognostic information in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) on different lines of therapy. Moreover, CTC clusters are suggested to add prognostic information to CTC enumeration alone but their significance is unknown in patients with newly diagnosed MBC. We aimed to evaluate whether longitudinal enumeration of circulating tumo
THE DISPLACEMENT rate is given for a mode III crack growing in a steady state under dynamic conditions. The material is assumed to be visco-plastic and high strain rates are considered. A regular perturbation expansion is performed. First-order perturbing strains are, with one exception, square root singular near the crack-tip. For overstress exponents less, or equal to 2, a reasonably large regioTHE DISPLACEMENT rate is given for a mode III crack growing in a steady state under dynamic conditions. The material is assumed to be visco-plastic and high strain rates are considered. A regular perturbation expansion is performed. First-order perturbing strains are, with one exception. square root singular near the crack-tip. For overstress exponents less. or equal to 2, a reasonably large re
This chapter presents an overview of eye tracking combined with tools for capturing digital writing (foremost keystroke logging). This includes a general rationale of why eye tracking is relevant for research on writing processes, how the technique works, and pros and cons of different eye trackers and methodological designs. The chapter describes previous L1 and L2 writing studies which have used
Fibrosis is the result of dysregulated inflammation and tissue repair, and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins. It causes detrimental effects to the afflicted tissue and can subsequently lead to organ failure. Sterile liver inflammation and hepatic fibrosis are associated with many liver disorders of different etiologies. Both type 1 and type 2 in
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) provides a platform for spatial data sharing and is a key for sustainable development. Developing countries, including Tanzania, are at different stages of implementing SDIs. The importance and advantage of implementation lie in the fact that considerable funds can be saved by avoiding duplication of data, and improving quality of decisions making as well as publi
Climate change has the potential to alter hydrological regimes and to expand saturated areas in permafrost environments, which are important sources of organic carbon. The sources, transfer zones, and delivery mechanisms of carbon into the stream network are controlled by the morphometric properties of the catchment; however, the utility and limitations of these properties as predictors of dissolv
Background. In general practice, dysfunctions within the locomotor system are a recurring health issue. Most frequently, diagnoses and treatments relate to pain syndromes of the backbone, the shoulder girdle or the pelvic girdle. The authors believe that physiotherapy, along with other clinical disciplines, should be regarded as an important factor which influences the effectiveness of the therape
Precipitation, as an important component of the Earth’s water cycle, plays a determinant role in various socio-economic practices. Consequently, having access to high-quality and reliable precipitation datasets is highly demanded. Although Gridded Precipitation Products (GPPs) have been widely employed in different applications, the lack of quantitative assessment of GPPs is a critical concern tha
Solar energy is an important source of clean energy to combat climate change issues that motivate the establishment of solar farms. Establishing solar farms has been considered a proper alternative for energy production in countries like Mozambique, which need reliable and clean sources of energy for sustainable development. However, selecting proper sites for creating solar farms is a function of
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Methods: An individual participant data meta-analysis was performed to report on the strength of association and diagnostic accuracy of different ultrasound signs in detecting CoA prenatally. MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched for studies published between January 2000 and Nove
Land use allocation (LUA) is of prime importance for the development of urban sustainability and resilience. Since the process of planning and managing land use requires balancing different conflicting social, economic, and environmental factors, it has become a complex and significant issue in urban planning worldwide. LUA is usually regarded as a spatial multi-objective optimization (MOO) proble
Taking a historical perspective, this article compares the four Nordic states of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden with respect to the following question: How have problem representations developed the Nordic region’s policy response to the exploitation of migrant workers? We demonstrate that parallel and competing problem representations, defined in government policy as ‘human trafficking’, ‘fo
The invention relates to re-engineering of a natural microbial syringe for loading of effector proteins that are not naturally found as cargo of the specific syringe. The cargo, that is one or more effector protein and proteins required for packing, can be up to 300 kDa and can be proteins such as toxins, therapeutic proteins, and gene modification tools. The re-engineering of the natural syringe
Increasing aridity is one major consequence of ongoing global climate change and is expected to cause widespread changes in key ecosystem attributes, functions, and dynamics. This is especially the case in naturally vulnerable ecosystems, such as drylands. While we have an overall understanding of past aridity trends, the linkage between temporal dynamics in aridity and dryland ecosystem responses
BACKGROUND: 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (HCT, R182281), a transformation product of the fungicide chlorothalonil, was recently identified in human serum and breast milk. There are indications that HCT may be more toxic and environmentally persistent than chlorothalonil.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate serum concentrations of HCT in pregnant women in Sweden and Costa Rica.METHODS: We developed a q
