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The work presented in this thesis is motivated by the need to reliably operate a compression-ignition engine in a partially premixed combustion (PPC) mode. Partially premixed combustion is a low temperature combustion concept, where the ignition delay is prolonged to enhance fuel-air mixing in the combustion chamber before the start of combustion. A premixed combustion process, in combination with
In recent years, newly arrived students have been in focus in Swedish education, for example, because of the large number of asylum seekers to Sweden which has become a challenge for the Swedish school system (Swedish Schools Inspectorate, 2015). But also because of recent changes in the Education act whereby time spent in reception classes was to be reduced for newly arrived students and they sha
BACKGROUND: Older people have a greater disease burden and are more likely than younger to be prescribed medications. They are also more sensitive to adverse effects. With this in mind, a range of medications have been suggested inappropriate in this population. People with intellectual disability (ID) have a higher disease burden than the general population, putting them at even greater risk of p
To address the importance of antigen-presenting cells for the survival of intracerebral neural allografts, allogeneic spleen cells were added to the graft tissue before transplantation. Dissociated embryonic, dopamine-rich mesencephalic and adult spleen tissues were prepared from either inbred Lewis or Sprague-Dawley rats. A mixture of neural and spleen cells was sterotaxically transplanted into t
The need for more functionality and higher performance has increased the number of transistors to billions in current processors. A high number of transistors on the same chip area increases the power density, which in turn heats up the devices and lowers the life time of batteries. The increasing demand for devices relying on battery and harvested energies in the Internet of Things (IoT) era has
Background Human epidermal growth factors 2 and 3 (HER2 and HER3) are members of the EGFR family that drives oncogenesis mainly through activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. While the prognostic value of HER2 and HER3 alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains uncertain, KRAS and BRAF mutations confer resistance to targeted therapies and poor prognosis. Sidedness of the primary tumour has
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen När tidningarna blev moderna – om svensk journalistik 1897-1969 syftar till att öka kunskapen om några av de fenomen som ingick i den svenska 1900-talsjournalistikens utveckling och expansion. Även om den svenska journalistiken naturligtvis moderniserades i olika steg, och flera av dem togs redan under 1800-talet, så infaller viktiga delar av denna modernisThe aim of the thesis is to increase the knowledge of some of the phenomena involved in the development and expansion of Swedish journalism in the 20th century. This is done primarily by research into the works of three major newspapermen, but also by studies of seven Swedish dailies’ reporting of nine labour market conflicts. The three newspapermen are C. G. Tengwall (chapter 1), Ewald Stomberg (
The propagation channel determines the fundamental basis of wireless communications, as well as the actual performance of practical systems. Therefore, having good channel models is a prerequisite for developing the next generation wireless systems. This thesis first investigates one of the main channel model building blocks, namely clusters. To understand the concept of clusters and channel chara
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is an insufficient number of reliable prognostic and response predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) management. In a previous study, we found that high tumour tissue expression of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) correlated with liver metastasis and an impaired prognosis in CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic validity of ser
OBJECTIVES: Many hairdressers experience work-related symptoms from the airways caused by bleaching powder. This contains persulphates, which could be irritating to the mucous membrane and also may evoke an allergic reaction. However, specific IgE antibodies are difficult to detect. We found earlier that hairdressers with work-related bleaching powder-associated nasal symptoms reacted to persulpha
Fuel cells produce low quantities of local emissions, if any, and are therefore one of the most promising alternatives to internal combustion engines as the main power source in future vehicles. It is likely that urban buses will be among the first commercial applications for fuel cells in vehicles. This is due to the fact that urban buses are highly visible for the public, they contribute signifi
Background: Recent studies on the pathophysiology of heart failure indicate the role of neurohormones and immune and inflammatory processes as potential mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and clinical course of chronic heart failure (CHF). Aim: To analyse the relationship between concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) a
Study Design. A multicenter, randomized, controlled, cost-effectiveness analysis. Objective. To assess the cost-effectiveness of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) compared with standard medical treatment (control) in patients with acute/subacute (<3 months) vertebral compression fracture (VCF) due to osteoporosis. Summary of Background Data. Patients with a VCF due to osteoporosis are common and will incr
One risk factor for osteoporosis which has attracted increasing attention in recent years is exposure to cadmium. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between low-level cadmium exposure, from diet and smoking, and BMD and incident fractures in elderly men. The study population consisted of 936 men from the Swedish cohort of the MrOS study, aged 70-81 years at inclusion (year 2002-
Popular Abstract in Swedish Fosterövervakning under förlossningen är standard inom förlossningsvården. Målet är att identifiera avvikande händelser och då speciellt syrebrist hos fostret. Sedan början på sjuttiotalet har vågformsanalys av foster EKG studerats ur fysiologisk, klinisk och signal synpunkt. Vågformen hos ett EKG innehåller mer information än bara R-R intervallet i ett EKG dvs konventiWaveform analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram has been studied since the early seventies from both physiological, signal processing and clinical aspects. It has been found to contain more useful information than the mere detection of RR-intervals (fetal heart rate), e.g., the ST-segment giving evidence of the ability of fetal myocardium to respond to the stress of labor. In the Swedish RCT, STA
This dissertation aims to contribute empirically and theoretically, to the field of Islamology and Religious Studies in general. It does so by investigating the possible relation between Israeli Muslim women’s choice of religious identification and their individual experiences in everyday life transitions. Many of these women are traveling daily from their hometowns or villages to the major cities
Popular Abstract in English Retailers are increasingly expected to use their market power to support the societal goal of sustainable consumption and production (SCP). For retailers, the challenge herein lies in the difficulty to translate the abstract societal discourse into concrete action in the marketplace. This thesis argues that retailers are well advised to give more attention to the indiviRetailers across Western Europe are faced with the challenge to integrate the idea of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) into their operations. The difficulty hierin lies in the the lack of any clear understanding or agreement for what the term implies for retailers and how to implement it in retailers’ daily operations. Instead, retailers need to handle a number of different – at times
Background: Reliable exposure data is a vital concern in medical epidemiology and intervention studies. The present study addresses the needs of the medical researcher to spend monetary resources devoted to exposure assessment with an optimal cost-efficiency, i.e. obtain the best possible statistical performance at a specified budget. A few previous studies have suggested mathematical optimization
According to international treaty law as well as international customary law, threats of (armed) force are considered as one of the gravest violations of international law. Yet, threats of force frequently occur in international relations, often lacking condemnation by the international community. There are a number of reasons to why threats of force are sometimes passed by unconsidered by the int
