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As globalization and development seem to have “removed geographical boundaries between countries”, the resulting patterns of human mobility (Gomory, 2002; Leach, Scoones & Stirling, 2010) have attracted the discursive study on the topic of migration. There are migration aspects that categorize migrants as regular, irregular, voluntary or involuntary. Such categorizations include the perspectiv
Matters of housing are an often-discussed topic within architecture these days. As a subject, it is often recurring in architectural media, such as books, debates, podcasts, videos, and others. Sweden, like large parts of the developed world, faces right now a multitude of unique issues related to housing. It has become an expensive commodity, especially for younger people. Most of the existing ho
Addressing electronic waste is crucial for meeting the environmental needs of the 21st Century, as WEEE is one of the fastest growing waste streams. Spain has emerged as one of the top countries globally for per capita mobile phone consumption. For this reason, this thesis focuses on European and Spanish initiatives that am to improve the circularity of mobile phones through repair. In recent year
This text is an attempt to re-evaluate the significance of Roman imports in Scandinavian contexts as well as to answer overarching questions concerning frontier zones, and the building of core-periphery relationships. This is achieved by applying the Roman concepts of hospitium and dona militaria as well as theoretical frameworks such as provincial ritual practices and cultural hybridisation to a
Since a large growth in population occurred during the 1800-1900 centuries in Sweden, an expansion of agricultural land became a necessity. The government provided farmers with an allowance to exploit wetlands. A large portion of wetlands has since then been lost and used for cultivation, in particular peat lands. The drainage of peat lands results in a loss in biodiversity, poorer water condition
Kameraövervakning på en arbetsplats kan orsaka intrång i den personliga integriteten enligt artikel 8 EKMR. Den påverkar dataskydd vilken genom-föras enligt GDPR. Därför analyseras de två instrumenten parallellt. Denna uppsats syftar särskilt till att analysera samtyckets funktioner vid kameraövervakning på arbetsplatser enligt artikel 8 EKMR och Artikel 6 GDPR. Europadomstolen slog fast att arbeVideo surveillance at a workplace may cause interference with the right to private life under Article 8 ECHR and affect the right to data protection in the GDPR’s meaning. The thesis aims to analyse the functions of consent in the case of video surveillance at a workplace under Article 8 ECHR and Article 6 GDPR. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) clarifies in its case-law that employees’ c
I Sverige stiftar den folkvalda riksdagen lag. Riksdagen får dock inte stifta vilka lagar den vill – dess kompetens inskränks av regler till skydd för mänskliga rättigheter. Idén om universella mänskliga rättigheter kommer från den så kallade naturrättsläran. Naturrättstänkare har sedan antiken argumenterat för att alla människor har vissa grundläggande fri- och rättigheter, oavsett om dessa stiftIn Sweden, the elected Riksdag is the legislator. However, the Riksdag may not pass just any law – its competence is limited by rules protecting human rights. The concept of universal human rights originates from the philosophical tradition of natural law. Natural law philosophers have argued, since Antiquity, that all humans have certain fundamental rights and liberties as a consequence of human
Den internationella investeringsrätten regleras i stort genom ett system av bilaterala investeringsavtal upprättat två stater emellan. Dessa skyddar internationella investeringar genom en rad olika substantiella rättigheter. Det utmärkande skyddet de erbjuder är dock rätten till skiljeförfarande. Genom skiljeklausuler i investeringsavtal har investerare möjlighet att stämma stater genom skiljeförfInternational investment law is regulated by a system of bilateral investment agreements. These protect international investments through a number of substantive rights. One of the principle rights conferred is through the dispute settlement clause, which generally dictates that disputes shall be settled through arbitration. Thus, investors have the possibility of suing states through an arbitrati
Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer related death among women in the developed world. Around 30% of patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer will develop metastatic breast cancer. It is believed that the tumor cells found in the blood, termed Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), could serve as a prognostic marker for this disease as it progresses. Objectives: To st
Can a more universal human rights protection be achieved through the concept of common heritage of mankind? Knowing that this concept is previously only known by its use with regard to the deep sea-bed or by the attempt the international community made for the application with reference to the moon and other celestial bodies, it might be hard to grasp that this unconventional theory can be applied
Svensk sammanfattning När 1998 års sexköpslag lanserades innebar den en helomvändning för den svenska synen på prostitution. Tankarna hade emellertid legat och grott och i lagförarbeten kan de härledas tillbaka till en kritisk kommentar i samband med prostitutionsreglementets behandling år 1910. Det tog närmare 90 år för maktens penna att uppmärksamma köparens betydelse för fenomenets existens. DEngelsk sammanfattning The Swedish sexköpslag from 1998 criminalizes the act of buying sex. Its coming into force was a unique inverse as it entailed a switch of perspectives. The seller has been the subject of regulatory throughout the history in Sweden. Although the idea of the buyer as the main problem can be traced as a divergent opinion already in a preparatory work from 1910, it took almost
Sedan brottsbalken reviderades 1989 ligger proportionalitet och ekvivalens till grund för påföljdsbedömningen. I samband med förändringen infördes billighetshänsyn i 29 kap. 5 § BrB som rätten ska beakta vid straffmätningen. Billighetsskälen innebär att domstolen i skälig omfattning ska ta hänsyn till vissa omständigheter som är hänförliga till gärningsmannens person eller hans handlande efter broAfter the reform of the Swedish Penal Code in 1989, the choice of the sanction is based on proportionality and equivalance. In conjuction with the reform, the clemency pleas were introduced in chapter 29 § 5 of the Penal Code. The clemency pleas means that the court within a reasonable scope has to take into account circumstances that are related to the defendant’s personal circumstances or to som
Vertikala restriktioner och särskilt sådana gällande pris har i allmänhet ansetts ha negativa effekter på konkurrens under en lång tid, både i USA och i EU. Prisgolv har en lång historia av att ses som konkurrensbegränsande. I USA har det setts som per se olagligt i nästan hundra år under Sherman Act avsnitt 2. Under de senaste decennierna har det dock skett en förändring i synen på prisgolv, som Vertical restrictions and especially price restriction has generally been deemed anticompetitive during the years, both in the US as well as in the EU. Minimum resale price maintenance has a long history of being seen as anti-competitive. In the USA there has been a per se illegality regarding RPM for almost a hundred years under the Sherman Act section 2. However, in the last decades there has be
A continuously growing population in the world has resulted in more agricultural activity in arid- and semi-arid areas where it once was harder to cultivate crops. Due to the high evaporation and the lack of rainfall in these areas it is necessary to irrigate the fields. In some areas it has become more and more common to use treated wastewater as an alternative irrigation source. When the soil is
Popular summary: Air quality data mart built in this study consists of historical air pollutant data for cities across Ontario. This data is available at the Ontario ministry of environment website from 2000-2007 for most of the cities. There is missing data for some of the cities and some pollutants as well. It is because the monitoring of those specific pollutants did not commence in or before 2
