Sökresultat

Den internationella investeringsrätten regleras i stort genom ett system av bilaterala investeringsavtal upprättat två stater emellan. Dessa skyddar internationella investeringar genom en rad olika substantiella rättigheter. Det utmärkande skyddet de erbjuder är dock rätten till skiljeförfarande. Genom skiljeklausuler i investeringsavtal har investerare möjlighet att stämma stater genom skiljeförfInternational investment law is regulated by a system of bilateral investment agreements. These protect international investments through a number of substantive rights. One of the principle rights conferred is through the dispute settlement clause, which generally dictates that disputes shall be settled through arbitration. Thus, investors have the possibility of suing states through an arbitrati

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer related death among women in the developed world. Around 30% of patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer will develop metastatic breast cancer. It is believed that the tumor cells found in the blood, termed Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), could serve as a prognostic marker for this disease as it progresses. Objectives: To st

Can a more universal human rights protection be achieved through the concept of common heritage of mankind? Knowing that this concept is previously only known by its use with regard to the deep sea-bed or by the attempt the international community made for the application with reference to the moon and other celestial bodies, it might be hard to grasp that this unconventional theory can be applied

Svensk sammanfattning När 1998 års sexköpslag lanserades innebar den en helomvändning för den svenska synen på prostitution. Tankarna hade emellertid legat och grott och i lagförarbeten kan de härledas tillbaka till en kritisk kommentar i samband med prostitutionsreglementets behandling år 1910. Det tog närmare 90 år för maktens penna att uppmärksamma köparens betydelse för fenomenets existens. DEngelsk sammanfattning The Swedish sexköpslag from 1998 criminalizes the act of buying sex. Its coming into force was a unique inverse as it entailed a switch of perspectives. The seller has been the subject of regulatory throughout the history in Sweden. Although the idea of the buyer as the main problem can be traced as a divergent opinion already in a preparatory work from 1910, it took almost

Sedan brottsbalken reviderades 1989 ligger proportionalitet och ekvivalens till grund för påföljdsbedömningen. I samband med förändringen infördes billighetshänsyn i 29 kap. 5 § BrB som rätten ska beakta vid straffmätningen. Billighetsskälen innebär att domstolen i skälig omfattning ska ta hänsyn till vissa omständigheter som är hänförliga till gärningsmannens person eller hans handlande efter broAfter the reform of the Swedish Penal Code in 1989, the choice of the sanction is based on proportionality and equivalance. In conjuction with the reform, the clemency pleas were introduced in chapter 29 § 5 of the Penal Code. The clemency pleas means that the court within a reasonable scope has to take into account circumstances that are related to the defendant’s personal circumstances or to som

Vertikala restriktioner och särskilt sådana gällande pris har i allmänhet ansetts ha negativa effekter på konkurrens under en lång tid, både i USA och i EU. Prisgolv har en lång historia av att ses som konkurrensbegränsande. I USA har det setts som per se olagligt i nästan hundra år under Sherman Act avsnitt 2. Under de senaste decennierna har det dock skett en förändring i synen på prisgolv, som Vertical restrictions and especially price restriction has generally been deemed anticompetitive during the years, both in the US as well as in the EU. Minimum resale price maintenance has a long history of being seen as anti-competitive. In the USA there has been a per se illegality regarding RPM for almost a hundred years under the Sherman Act section 2. However, in the last decades there has be

A continuously growing population in the world has resulted in more agricultural activity in arid- and semi-arid areas where it once was harder to cultivate crops. Due to the high evaporation and the lack of rainfall in these areas it is necessary to irrigate the fields. In some areas it has become more and more common to use treated wastewater as an alternative irrigation source. When the soil is

Popular summary: Air quality data mart built in this study consists of historical air pollutant data for cities across Ontario. This data is available at the Ontario ministry of environment website from 2000-2007 for most of the cities. There is missing data for some of the cities and some pollutants as well. It is because the monitoring of those specific pollutants did not commence in or before 2

Sammanfattning Enligt ordningslagens (OL) 2 kap. 26 § ska den som anordnar en offentlig tillställning i vinstsyfte åläggas betalningsskyldighet för polismyndighetens bevakning av den. I denna uppsats behandlas bestämmelsen och dess tillämpning på de idrottsföreningar som bedrivs i bolagsform, de s.k. idrottsaktiebolagen. Besluten har varit uppe för överklaganden och diskussion sedan polisen för snSummary Under the provisions of section 2 (26) of the Swedish Public Order Act, the organizer of a profitable public event shall pay a fee to cover the police authority's expenses due to the event. This essay analyses the application of the fee on the so- called sport companies. The decisions have been subjects of appeal and discussion since the police for about three years ago started feeing

Huvudregeln i svensk rätt är att brottmål ska avgöras i domstol och att domen ska grundas på det material som framkommer under huvudförhandlingen. Genom reformen om en modern rättegång som genomfördes 2008 infördes en möjlighet att avgöra bötesmål på handlingarna, det vill säga utan att hålla huvudförhandling. Syftet var att göra det processuella regelverket mer flexibelt så att handläggningen kunThe general rule in Swedish law is that criminal cases should be determined in court and the sentence should be based on the material that is presented during the main hearing. In 2008, the reform of a modern trial was introduced. Thereby, cases can be decided without a main hearing in situations where there is no reason to impose a sanction other than a fine. The aim was to make the legal framew

Den positiva föreningsfriheten är en lagfäst grundläggande fri- och rättighet i Sverige, Finland och Tyskland. Många personer omfattas utav detta då de är eller har varit medlemmar i olika föreningar, möjligen i en idrottsförening som liten eller i en fackförening som arbetstagare. Föreningsfriheten ser näst intill identisk ut i de tre staterna, samt möjligheten att inskränka rättigheten enligt laFreedom of association is a fundamental freedom laid down in law in Sweden, Finland and Germany. Many people are affected by this freedom since they are or have been members of different associations such as a sports association or in a labor organization. The freedom of association is close to the same in all three states. This is also the case concerning the possibility to restrict the freedom,

Sent i oktober 2012 så orsakade orkanen Sandy stor skada på de Karibiska öarna men senare även i USA, New Jersey, då som ett extratropiskt system. Vädersystemet var annorlunda på många vis jämfört med en "normal" orkan med avseende på dess bana, avsaknaden av ett öga och dess enorma storlek. Dessa egenskaper berodde alla på den rådande cirkulationen i den övre troposfären. Det var växelvIn late October 2012 hurricane Sandy caused a lot of damage to the islands in the Caribbean Sea and later on (as an extratropical cyclone) to the United States; New Jersey. The system was different in many ways relative to “normal” hurricanes, e.g. its track, its lack of eye at times it was classified as a hurricane and its great size which all partly was due to the prevailing circulations in the

ABSTRACT Author: Charlotte Forss Nilsson Title: Child poverty in trouble – A study of how child poverty is constructed as a social problem in a media context Supervisor: Torbjörn Hjort Assessor: Karin Kullberg Child poverty was the theme for the program Uppdrag granskning, which was broadcasted on television in January 2013. Criticism was directed against child rights organizations, they were co

Background The trend of postponed reproduction to late in life has increased demand for fertility treatment. The current program of subsidized ART-treatment in Sweden is thoroughly debated and critiqued. The Swedish National Council on Medical Ethics has highlighted the ethical shortcomings of the current system and called for a program change. This thesis expands on the proposal and introduces a